Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kasninā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kesn- and cognate with Proto-Slavic *česnъ (“garlic”), though the similarity could be incidental. The a-vocalism may indicate a non-IE substrate loanword.[1]

Noun

*kasninā f

  1. garlic, leek

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *kasninā *kasninai *kasninās
vocative *kasninā *kasninai *kasninās
accusative *kasninam *kasninai *kasnināns
genitive *kasninās *kasninous *kasninom
dative *kasnināi *kasninābom *kasninābos
locative *kasninai *? *?
instrumental *? *kasninābim *kasninābis

Reconstruction notes

  • The -i- in Welsh cennin, implying Proto-Celtic *kasnīnā,[2] conflicts with Breton kignen, which implies a short vowel in the second syllable.

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Old Breton: caeninn (“garlic”)
      • Middle Breton: quinghenn
        • Breton: kignen
    • Old Cornish: kenin
    • Old Welsh: cennin
  • Old Irish: cainnenn, cainenn

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cennin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cainnenn”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
  2. ^ Stifter, David (2023) “The rise of gemination in Celtic”, in Open Research Europe‎[1], volume 3, number 24, →DOI, page 12
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