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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-, compare Russian катать (katatʹ, “to rush, roll”). The original meaning of "throw" for the Irish word is assumed by Matasovic, though this use is not actually attested.
Verb
*katyeti[1]
- to throw
Declension
| Thematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*katyū
|
*katyemam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*katyesi
|
*katyetās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*katyeti
|
*katyeto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*katyomosi
|
*katyemo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*katyetesi
|
*katyestē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*katyonti
|
*katyento
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*katye
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*katyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*katyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*katyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*katyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*katyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*katyetar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*katyetor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*katyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*katyedwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*katyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyonts
|
*katyonte
|
*katyontes
|
| vocative
|
*katyonts
|
*katyonte
|
*katyontes
|
| accusative
|
*katyontam
|
*katyonte
|
*katyontans
|
| genitive
|
*katyantos
|
*?
|
*katyantom
|
| dative
|
*katyantei
|
*katyantbom
|
*katyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*katyantī?
|
*katyantbim
|
*katyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyantī
|
*katyantī
|
*katyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*katyantī
|
*katyantī
|
*katyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*katyantīm
|
*katyantī
|
*katyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*katyantyās
|
*?
|
*katyantyom
|
| dative
|
*katyantyāi
|
*katyantyābom
|
*katyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*katyantyābim
|
*katyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyont
|
*?
|
*katyonta
|
| vocative
|
*katyont
|
*?
|
*katyonta
|
| accusative
|
*katyont
|
*?
|
*katyonta
|
| genitive
|
*katyantos
|
*?
|
*katyantom
|
| dative
|
*katyantei
|
*?
|
*katyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*katyantī?
|
*?
|
*katyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyomnos
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*katyomne
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*katyomnom
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*katyomnī
|
*katyomnous
|
*katyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katyomnūi
|
*katyomnobom
|
*katyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*katyomnū
|
*katyomnobim
|
*katyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyomnā
|
*katyomnai
|
*katyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*katyomnā
|
*katyomnai
|
*katyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*katyomnam
|
*katyomnai
|
*katyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*katyomnās
|
*katyomnous
|
*katyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katyomnai
|
*katyomnābom
|
*katyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*katyomnābim
|
*katyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*katyomnom
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*katyomnom
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*katyomnom
|
*katyomnou
|
*katyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*katyomnī
|
*katyomnous
|
*katyomnom
|
| dative
|
*katyomnūi
|
*katyomnobom
|
*katyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*katyomnū
|
*katyomnobim
|
*katyomnobis
|
Descendants
- Old Irish: caithid (“use, consume”)
- Middle Irish: caithid (“use, consume; throw”)
- Gaulish: *kateya
- → Latin: catēia (“projectile”)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kat-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195-96