|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱéleti.
Verb
*keleti[1]
- to hide, to conceal
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kelū
|
*kelemam
|
*kiklāsū
|
*kilam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kelesi
|
*keletās
|
*kiklāsesi
|
*kils
|
| 3rd singular
|
*keleti
|
*keleto
|
*kiklāseti
|
*kilt
|
| 1st plural
|
*kelomosi
|
*kelemo
|
*kiklāsomosi
|
*kilme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*keletesi
|
*kelestē
|
*kiklāsetesi
|
*kilte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kelonti
|
*kelento
|
*kiklāsonti
|
*kilant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kelasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kelasesi
|
?
|
*kele
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kelaseti
|
?
|
*keletou
|
| 1st plural
|
*kelasomosi
|
?
|
*kelomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kelasetesi
|
?
|
*kelete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kelasonti
|
?
|
*kelontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kelūr
|
—
|
*kiklāsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*keletar
|
—
|
*kiklāsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*keletor
|
?
|
*kiklāsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*kelommor
|
—
|
*kiklāsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*keledwe
|
—
|
*kiklāsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kelontor
|
?
|
*kiklāsontor
|
*kilanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kelasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kelasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kelasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*kelasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kelasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kelasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelonts
|
*kelonte
|
*kelontes
|
| vocative
|
*kelonts
|
*kelonte
|
*kelontes
|
| accusative
|
*kelontam
|
*kelonte
|
*kelontans
|
| genitive
|
*kelantos
|
*?
|
*kelantom
|
| dative
|
*kelantei
|
*kelantbom
|
*kelantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kelantī?
|
*kelantbim
|
*kelantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelantī
|
*kelantī
|
*kelantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*kelantī
|
*kelantī
|
*kelantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*kelantīm
|
*kelantī
|
*kelantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*kelantyās
|
*?
|
*kelantyom
|
| dative
|
*kelantyāi
|
*kelantyābom
|
*kelantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kelantyābim
|
*kelantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelont
|
*?
|
*kelonta
|
| vocative
|
*kelont
|
*?
|
*kelonta
|
| accusative
|
*kelont
|
*?
|
*kelonta
|
| genitive
|
*kelantos
|
*?
|
*kelantom
|
| dative
|
*kelantei
|
*?
|
*kelantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kelantī?
|
*?
|
*kelantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelomnos
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*kelomne
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*kelomnom
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnons
|
| genitive
|
*kelomnī
|
*kelomnous
|
*kelomnom
|
| dative
|
*kelomnūi
|
*kelomnobom
|
*kelomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kelomnū
|
*kelomnobim
|
*kelomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelomnā
|
*kelomnai
|
*kelomnās
|
| vocative
|
*kelomnā
|
*kelomnai
|
*kelomnās
|
| accusative
|
*kelomnam
|
*kelomnai
|
*kelomnans
|
| genitive
|
*kelomnās
|
*kelomnous
|
*kelomnom
|
| dative
|
*kelomnai
|
*kelomnābom
|
*kelomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kelomnābim
|
*kelomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kelomnom
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnā
|
| vocative
|
*kelomnom
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnā
|
| accusative
|
*kelomnom
|
*kelomnou
|
*kelomnā
|
| genitive
|
*kelomnī
|
*kelomnous
|
*kelomnom
|
| dative
|
*kelomnūi
|
*kelomnobom
|
*kelomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kelomnū
|
*kelomnobim
|
*kelomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klitos
|
*klitou
|
*klitoi
|
| vocative
|
*klite
|
*klitou
|
*klitoi
|
| accusative
|
*klitom
|
*klitou
|
*klitons
|
| genitive
|
*klitī
|
*klitous
|
*klitom
|
| dative
|
*klitūi
|
*klitobom
|
*klitobos
|
| instrumental
|
*klitū
|
*klitobim
|
*klitobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klitā
|
*klitai
|
*klitās
|
| vocative
|
*klitā
|
*klitai
|
*klitās
|
| accusative
|
*klitam
|
*klitai
|
*klitans
|
| genitive
|
*klitās
|
*klitous
|
*klitom
|
| dative
|
*klitai
|
*klitābom
|
*klitābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*klitābim
|
*klitābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klitom
|
*klitou
|
*klitā
|
| vocative
|
*klitom
|
*klitou
|
*klitā
|
| accusative
|
*klitom
|
*klitou
|
*klitā
|
| genitive
|
*klitī
|
*klitous
|
*klitom
|
| dative
|
*klitūi
|
*klitobom
|
*klitobos
|
| instrumental
|
*klitū
|
*klitobim
|
*klitobis
|
Reconstruction notes
- The -yd verbal nouns in some Welsh derivatives are from a *-tis noun *klitis.[2]
Derived terms
- *ambi-keleti
- Old Welsh: immit·cel (3sg present with infixed pronoun)
- *ɸare-kel-om
- *kom-keleti
- *uɸo-keleti
- *uɸo-ud-keleti
- Middle Welsh: gochel, gochlyt
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *kelɨd
- Old Irish: ceilid
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 394-397
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 117