Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/komberos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Prefixed with *kom-.

Usually related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to brew”),^[1]^[2] but the absence of -w- cannot be satisfactorily explained if that root is the origin. Stifter dismisses such a connection.

Noun

*komberos m

A place where river water brews up, such as:
1. confluence
2. dam, barrage

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*komberos	*komberou	*komberoi
vocative	*kombere	*komberou	*komberoi
accusative	*komberom	*komberou	*komberons
genitive	*komberī	*komberous	*komberom
dative	*komberūi	*komberobom	*komberobos
locative	*komberei	*?	*?
instrumental	*komberū	*komberobim	*komberūis

Related terms

*ad-beros
*eni-berom
- Old Irish: inber
  - Middle Irish: inber
    - Irish: inbhear
    - Scottish Gaelic: inbhir
*to-uxs-beros
- Old Irish: topur
  - Middle Irish: topar, sopar
    - Irish: tobar
    - Manx: tubbyr
    - Scottish Gaelic: tobar
*uɸo-berā

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Breton: kember
  - → French: Quimper
- Cornish: kemper
- Old Welsh: cimer
  - Middle Welsh: cimer, kimer
    - Welsh: cymer
Middle Irish: commar, commor
- Irish: cumar
- Scottish Gaelic: comar
Gaulish: *comberos
- → Latin: combrus
  - Old French: combre
    - ⇒ Old French: encombrer
      - French: encombrer
      - → Middle English: encombren
        English: encumber
      - → Middle English: combren
        English: cumber

References

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “comberos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 122
^ Stalmaszczyk, Piotr, Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (1993) “Studies in Indo-European Vocabulary”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 98, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 24-39

[1] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “comberos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 122

[2] Stalmaszczyk, Piotr, Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (1993) “Studies in Indo-European Vocabulary”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 98, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 24-39

[1]

[2]