Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kubrāti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *kubros (desiring) +‎ *-āti (deadjectival verb suffix).

Verb

*kubrāti

  1. to desire

Inflection

Ā-present
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kubrāmi *kubrāmam ?
2nd singular *kubrāsi *kubrātās ?
3rd singular *kubrāti *kubrāto ?
1st plural *kubrāmosi *kubrāmo ?
2nd plural *kubrātesi *kubrāstē ?
3rd plural *kubrānti *kubrānto ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ? ?
2nd singular ? ? *kubrā
3rd singular ? ? *kubrātou
1st plural ? ? *kubrāmos
2nd plural ? ? *kubrāte
3rd plural ? ? *kubrāntou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kubrār ?
2nd singular *kubrātar ?
3rd singular *kubrātor ? ?
1st plural *kubrāmmor ?
2nd plural *kubrādwe ?
3rd plural *kubrāntor ? ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ?
2nd singular ?
3rd singular ?
1st plural ?
2nd plural ?
3rd plural ?
Declension of the present participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kubrants *kubrante *kubrantes
vocative *kubrants *kubrante *kubrantes
accusative *kubrantam *kubrante *kubrantans
genitive *kubrantos *? *kubrantom
dative *kubrantei *kubrantbom *kubrantbos
instrumental *kubrantī? *kubrantbim *kubrantbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kubrantī *kubrantī *kubrantiyās
vocative *kubrantī *kubrantī *kubrantiyās
accusative *kubrantīm *kubrantī *kubrantiyans
genitive *kubrantyās *? *kubrantyom
dative *kubrantyāi *kubrantyābom *kubrantyābos
instrumental *? *kubrantyābim *kubrantyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kubrant *? *kubranta
vocative *kubrant *? *kubranta
accusative *kubrant *? *kubranta
genitive *kubrantos *? *kubrantom
dative *kubrantei *? *kubrantbos
instrumental *kubrantī? *? *kubrantbis
Declension of the middle participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kubramnos *kubramnou *kubramnoi
vocative *kubramne *kubramnou *kubramnoi
accusative *kubramnom *kubramnou *kubramnons
genitive *kubramnī *kubramnous *kubramnom
dative *kubramnūi *kubramnobom *kubramnobos
instrumental *kubramnū *kubramnobim *kubramnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kubramnā *kubramnai *kubramnās
vocative *kubramnā *kubramnai *kubramnās
accusative *kubramnam *kubramnai *kubramnans
genitive *kubramnās *kubramnous *kubramnom
dative *kubramnai *kubramnābom *kubramnābos
instrumental *? *kubramnābim *kubramnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kubramnom *kubramnou *kubramnā
vocative *kubramnom *kubramnou *kubramnā
accusative *kubramnom *kubramnou *kubramnā
genitive *kubramnī *kubramnous *kubramnom
dative *kubramnūi *kubramnobom *kubramnobos
instrumental *kubramnū *kubramnobim *kubramnobis
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kubrātos *kubrātou *kubrātoi
vocative *kubrāte *kubrātou *kubrātoi
accusative *kubrātom *kubrātou *kubrātons
genitive *kubrātī *kubrātous *kubrātom
dative *kubrātūi *kubrātobom *kubrātobos
instrumental *kubrātū *kubrātobim *kubrātobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kubrātā *kubrātai *kubrātās
vocative *kubrātā *kubrātai *kubrātās
accusative *kubrātam *kubrātai *kubrātans
genitive *kubrātās *kubrātous *kubrātom
dative *kubrātai *kubrātābom *kubrātābos
instrumental *? *kubrātābim *kubrātābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kubrātom *kubrātou *kubrātā
vocative *kubrātom *kubrātou *kubrātā
accusative *kubrātom *kubrātou *kubrātā
genitive *kubrātī *kubrātous *kubrātom
dative *kubrātūi *kubrātobom *kubrātobos
instrumental *kubrātū *kubrātobim *kubrātobis

Descendants

  • Old Irish: ad·cobra
  • Gaulish: *cobrandī (pres. part. f.)
    • Latin: Cobrandiae (gen. sg.; epithet of a goddess)
  • Celtiberian: couratom (past part.)[1]

References

  1. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2025) “Some Linguistic Considerations on a New Celtiberian Bronze”, in Voprosy onomastiki, volume 22, number 1, pages 104–122