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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Unknown. Connected to a root *(s)lewg- (whence also Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup”)) since Pokorny,[1] but Jørgensen points out that comparisons in this vein do not work since in the Celtic verb, the *-n- is not a nasal infix; in fact, the *-n- belongs to its root.[2]
Verb
*longīti
- to eat, consume, have a meal
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*longeyū
|
*longīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*longīsi
|
*longītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*longīti
|
*longīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*longeyomosi
|
*longīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*longītesi
|
*longīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*longeyonti
|
*longīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*longī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*longītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*longeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*longīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*longeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*longeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*longītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*longītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*longeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*longīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*longeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyonts
|
*longeyonte
|
*longeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*longeyonts
|
*longeyonte
|
*longeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*longeyontam
|
*longeyonte
|
*longeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*longeyantos
|
*?
|
*longeyantom
|
| dative
|
*longeyantei
|
*longeyantbom
|
*longeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*longeyantī?
|
*longeyantbim
|
*longeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyantī
|
*longeyantī
|
*longeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*longeyantī
|
*longeyantī
|
*longeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*longeyantīm
|
*longeyantī
|
*longeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*longeyantyās
|
*?
|
*longeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*longeyantyāi
|
*longeyantyābom
|
*longeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*longeyantyābim
|
*longeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyont
|
*?
|
*longeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*longeyont
|
*?
|
*longeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*longeyont
|
*?
|
*longeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*longeyantos
|
*?
|
*longeyantom
|
| dative
|
*longeyantei
|
*?
|
*longeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*longeyantī?
|
*?
|
*longeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyomnos
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*longeyomne
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*longeyomnom
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*longeyomnī
|
*longeyomnous
|
*longeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*longeyomnūi
|
*longeyomnobom
|
*longeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*longeyomnū
|
*longeyomnobim
|
*longeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyomnā
|
*longeyomnai
|
*longeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*longeyomnā
|
*longeyomnai
|
*longeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*longeyomnam
|
*longeyomnai
|
*longeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*longeyomnās
|
*longeyomnous
|
*longeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*longeyomnai
|
*longeyomnābom
|
*longeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*longeyomnābim
|
*longeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longeyomnom
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*longeyomnom
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*longeyomnom
|
*longeyomnou
|
*longeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*longeyomnī
|
*longeyomnous
|
*longeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*longeyomnūi
|
*longeyomnobom
|
*longeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*longeyomnū
|
*longeyomnobim
|
*longeyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longetos
|
*longetou
|
*longetoi
|
| vocative
|
*longete
|
*longetou
|
*longetoi
|
| accusative
|
*longetom
|
*longetou
|
*longetons
|
| genitive
|
*longetī
|
*longetous
|
*longetom
|
| dative
|
*longetūi
|
*longetobom
|
*longetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*longetū
|
*longetobim
|
*longetobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longetā
|
*longetai
|
*longetās
|
| vocative
|
*longetā
|
*longetai
|
*longetās
|
| accusative
|
*longetam
|
*longetai
|
*longetans
|
| genitive
|
*longetās
|
*longetous
|
*longetom
|
| dative
|
*longetai
|
*longetābom
|
*longetābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*longetābim
|
*longetābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*longetom
|
*longetou
|
*longetā
|
| vocative
|
*longetom
|
*longetou
|
*longetā
|
| accusative
|
*longetom
|
*longetou
|
*longetā
|
| genitive
|
*longetī
|
*longetous
|
*longetom
|
| dative
|
*longetūi
|
*longetobom
|
*longetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*longetū
|
*longetobim
|
*longetobis
|
Derived terms
- *long-e-tus
- Old Irish: longud
- Middle Irish: longad
- Irish: longadh
- Scottish Gaelic: longadh
- *long-ī-mā
- Proto-Brythonic: *lüngiβ̃ (“breakfast”)
- Middle Breton: leiff
- Middle Cornish: ly
- *kentu-long-os (“early meal; fasting”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (December 2011) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović[1], Zagreb, page 36
- ^ Jørgensen, Anders Richardt (2008) “Middle Breton leiff, Middle Cornish ly ‘Breakfast, Lunch’”, in Keltische Forschungen, volume 3, Vienna: Praesens Verlag, pages 89-102