Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/noxs

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

    Noun

    *noxs f

    1. night

    Declension

    Masculine/feminine consonant stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *noxts *noxte *noxtes
    vocative *noxts *noxte *noxtes
    accusative *noxtam *noxte *noxtans
    genitive *noxtos *noxtou *noxtom
    dative *noxtei *noxtobom *noxtobos
    locative *noxti — —
    instrumental *noxte? *noxtobim *noxtobis

    Derived terms

    • *se noxtei[1][2]
      • Proto-Brythonic: *henoɨθ
        • Middle Breton: hanoez
          • Breton: henoazh
        • Middle Cornish: haneth
        • Old Welsh: henoid
    • *sindai noxtei
    Unsorted formations
    • Middle Welsh: peunoeth (“every night”), mein(i)oeth (“midnight”)
    • Welsh: trannoeth (“overnight, tomorrow”)

    Descendants

    Note: The Brythonic words (Welsh nos, Cornish nos, Breton noz and their ancestors) may be from this word, but they may also be loanwords from Latin nox.

    References

    1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 38: “*se-nokʷt- ‘this night’”
    2. ^ Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “henoid”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 82-83: “*se-noχt IE *so-, and *nekʷ-t-”

    Further reading

    • Koch, John (2004) “night *nokʷ-, *noxto-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 233
    • Williams, Robert (1865) “haneth”, in Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English​, London: Trubner & Co., page 210
    • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*noxtV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 293-294
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