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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-né-H-ti, nasal infix present of root *h₂reyH- (“to count”).[1][2][3]
Verb
*rināti
- to sell
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₂-final root, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rināmi
|
*rinamam
|
*rirīsū
|
*rira
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rināsi
|
*rinatās
|
*rirīsesi
|
*riras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rināti
|
*rinato
|
*rirīseti
|
*rire
|
| 1st plural
|
*rinamosi
|
*rinamo
|
*rirīsomosi
|
*rirmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rinatesi
|
*rinastē
|
*rirīsetesi
|
*rire
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rinanti
|
*rinanto
|
*rirīsonti
|
*rirars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*reyasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*reyasesi
|
?
|
*rinā
|
| 3rd singular
|
*reyaseti
|
?
|
*rinātou
|
| 1st plural
|
*reyasomosi
|
?
|
*rinamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*reyasetesi
|
?
|
*rinate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*reyasonti
|
?
|
*rinantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*rinār
|
—
|
*rirīsūr
|
*rirra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*rinātar
|
—
|
*rirīsetar
|
*rirras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*rinātor
|
?
|
*rirīsetor
|
*rirre
|
| 1st plural
|
*rinammor
|
—
|
*rirīsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*rinadwe
|
—
|
*rirīsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*rinantor
|
?
|
*rirīsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*reyasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*reyasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*reyasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*reyasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*reyasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*reyasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinonts
|
*rinonte
|
*rinontes
|
| vocative
|
*rinonts
|
*rinonte
|
*rinontes
|
| accusative
|
*rinontam
|
*rinonte
|
*rinontans
|
| genitive
|
*rinantos
|
*?
|
*rinantom
|
| dative
|
*rinantei
|
*rinantbom
|
*rinantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rinantī?
|
*rinantbim
|
*rinantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinantī
|
*rinantī
|
*rinantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*rinantī
|
*rinantī
|
*rinantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*rinantīm
|
*rinantī
|
*rinantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*rinantyās
|
*?
|
*rinantyom
|
| dative
|
*rinantyāi
|
*rinantyābom
|
*rinantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rinantyābim
|
*rinantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinont
|
*?
|
*rinonta
|
| vocative
|
*rinont
|
*?
|
*rinonta
|
| accusative
|
*rinont
|
*?
|
*rinonta
|
| genitive
|
*rinantos
|
*?
|
*rinantom
|
| dative
|
*rinantei
|
*?
|
*rinantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*rinantī?
|
*?
|
*rinantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinamnos
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*rinamne
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*rinamnom
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnons
|
| genitive
|
*rinamnī
|
*rinamnous
|
*rinamnom
|
| dative
|
*rinamnūi
|
*rinamnobom
|
*rinamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rinamnū
|
*rinamnobim
|
*rinamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinamnā
|
*rinamnai
|
*rinamnās
|
| vocative
|
*rinamnā
|
*rinamnai
|
*rinamnās
|
| accusative
|
*rinamnam
|
*rinamnai
|
*rinamnans
|
| genitive
|
*rinamnās
|
*rinamnous
|
*rinamnom
|
| dative
|
*rinamnai
|
*rinamnābom
|
*rinamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rinamnābim
|
*rinamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rinamnom
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnā
|
| vocative
|
*rinamnom
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnā
|
| accusative
|
*rinamnom
|
*rinamnou
|
*rinamnā
|
| genitive
|
*rinamnī
|
*rinamnous
|
*rinamnom
|
| dative
|
*rinamnūi
|
*rinamnobom
|
*rinamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rinamnū
|
*rinamnobim
|
*rinamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rītos
|
*rītou
|
*rītoi
|
| vocative
|
*rīte
|
*rītou
|
*rītoi
|
| accusative
|
*rītom
|
*rītou
|
*rītons
|
| genitive
|
*rītī
|
*rītous
|
*rītom
|
| dative
|
*rītūi
|
*rītobom
|
*rītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rītū
|
*rītobim
|
*rītobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rītā
|
*rītai
|
*rītās
|
| vocative
|
*rītā
|
*rītai
|
*rītās
|
| accusative
|
*rītam
|
*rītai
|
*rītans
|
| genitive
|
*rītās
|
*rītous
|
*rītom
|
| dative
|
*rītai
|
*rītābom
|
*rītābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*rītābim
|
*rītābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*rītom
|
*rītou
|
*rītā
|
| vocative
|
*rītom
|
*rītou
|
*rītā
|
| accusative
|
*rītom
|
*rītou
|
*rītā
|
| genitive
|
*rītī
|
*rītous
|
*rītom
|
| dative
|
*rītūi
|
*rītobom
|
*rītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*rītū
|
*rītobim
|
*rītobis
|
Descendants
- Old Irish: renaid
- ⇒ Middle Irish: reccaid (denominative from verbal noun)
- Gaulish: rinoti
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*ri-na-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 551
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*h₂rei̯H-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²[1], page 38
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ri-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 313