Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sɸer-

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Derived by Kroonen from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).[1] Cognate with Germanic *spurą.

Noun

*sɸer- f

  1. heel
    Synonym: *stātlā

Declension

Two stem formations are found for this word: an ā-stem in Brittonic and a consonant-stem in Goidelic.[2] Matasović's labelling of the Goidelic words as ā-stems[3] is misleading.

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *sɸerā *sɸerai *sɸerās
vocative *sɸerā *sɸerai *sɸerās
accusative *sɸeram *sɸerai *sɸerāns
genitive *sɸerās *sɸerous *sɸerom
dative *sɸerāi *sɸerābom *sɸerābos
locative *sɸerai *? *?
instrumental *? *sɸerābim *sɸerābis
Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *sɸerets *sɸerete *sɸeretes
vocative *sɸerets *sɸerete *sɸeretes
accusative *sɸeretam *sɸerete *sɸeretans
genitive *sɸeretos *sɸeretou *sɸeretom
dative *sɸeretei *sɸeretobom *sɸeretobos
locative *sɸereti — —
instrumental *sɸerete? *sɸeretobim *sɸeretobis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *fer
    • Old Cornish: fer
    • Middle Welsh: ffer
  • Old Irish: seir

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spurnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
  2. ^ Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, page 59
  3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sferā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 333
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