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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”) + *-rós (adjectival suffix).
- Seemingly in an attempt to avoid the prospect of the insertion of an epenthetic *a into the zero grade of the root, Matasović attempts to derive the Goidelic terms from *soǵʰ-s-rós > *sōxs-ros > *sāxsros.[1]
- Gordon points out that Matasović's derivation is uncompelling: there is no explanation for the o-grade of the root, and there are many Primitive Irish inscriptions (and the Gaulish name Ambisagrus) explicitly attesting *sagro- in personal names.[2]
Adjective
*sagros[2][3][4]
- firm, stubborn, tenacious, steadfast
- outrageous
- insulting, humiliating
Inflection
| O/ā-stem
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagros
|
*sagrou
|
*sagroi
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| vocative
|
*sagre
|
*sagrou
|
*sagroi
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| accusative
|
*sagrom
|
*sagrou
|
*sagrons
|
| genitive
|
*sagrī
|
*sagrous
|
*sagrom
|
| dative
|
*sagrūi
|
*sagrobom
|
*sagrobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagrū
|
*sagrobim
|
*sagrobis
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| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagrā
|
*sagrai
|
*sagrās
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| vocative
|
*sagrā
|
*sagrai
|
*sagrās
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| accusative
|
*sagram
|
*sagrai
|
*sagrans
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| genitive
|
*sagrās
|
*sagrous
|
*sagrom
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| dative
|
*sagrai
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*sagrābom
|
*sagrābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*sagrābim
|
*sagrābis
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| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagrom
|
*sagrou
|
*sagrā
|
| vocative
|
*sagrom
|
*sagrou
|
*sagrā
|
| accusative
|
*sagrom
|
*sagrou
|
*sagrā
|
| genitive
|
*sagrī
|
*sagrous
|
*sagrom
|
| dative
|
*sagrūi
|
*sagrobom
|
*sagrobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagrū
|
*sagrobim
|
*sagrobis
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| Declension of the comparative
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagryūs
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*?
|
*sagryoses
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| vocative
|
*sagryūs
|
*?
|
*sagryoses
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| accusative
|
*sagryosam
|
*?
|
*sagryosans
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| genitive
|
*sagrisos
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*?
|
*sagrisom
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| dative
|
*sagrisei
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*?
|
*sagrisbos
|
| instrumental
|
*sagrisī
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*?
|
*sagrisbis
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| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagryūs
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*?
|
*sagryoses
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| vocative
|
*sagryūs
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*?
|
*sagryoses
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| accusative
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*sagryosam
|
*?
|
*sagryosans
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| genitive
|
*sagrisos
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*?
|
*sagrisom
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| dative
|
*sagrisei
|
*?
|
*sagrisbos
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| instrumental
|
*sagrisī
|
*?
|
*sagrisbis
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| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sagris
|
*?
|
*?
|
| vocative
|
*sagris
|
*?
|
*?
|
| accusative
|
*sagris
|
*?
|
*?
|
| genitive
|
*sagrisos
|
*?
|
*sagrisom
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| dative
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*sagrisei
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*?
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*sagrisbos
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| instrumental
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*sagrisī
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*?
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*sagrisbis
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *haɨr
- ⇒ Old Breton: Haeruuiu, Haermael
- Middle Welsh: haer, hair (“steadfast”)
- Goidelic:
- ⇒ Primitive Irish: ᚅᚓᚈᚈᚐᚄᚐᚌᚏᚔ (nettasagri), ᚄᚐᚌᚏᚐᚌᚅᚔ (sagragni), ᚄᚐᚌᚐᚏᚓᚈᚈᚑᚄ (sagarettos)
- Old Irish: sár (“outrage, insult”), sár- (“strong, excellent”)
- Gaulish: *sagros
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sego-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 412-414
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “haer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “sagro-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 265