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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *semH- (“to pump, draw water, scoop”).[1] Cognate with Latin sentina, Ancient Greek ἀμάομαι (amáomai) and Lithuanian sémti.
Verb
*semeti[1]
- to pour
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*semū
|
*sememam
|
*sismāsū
|
*semam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*semesi
|
*semetās
|
*sismāsesi
|
*sens
|
| 3rd singular
|
*semeti
|
*semeto
|
*sismāseti
|
*sent
|
| 1st plural
|
*semomosi
|
*sememo
|
*sismāsomosi
|
*semme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*semetesi
|
*semestē
|
*sismāsetesi
|
*sente
|
| 3rd plural
|
*semonti
|
*semento
|
*sismāsonti
|
*semant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*semasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*semasesi
|
?
|
*seme
|
| 3rd singular
|
*semaseti
|
?
|
*semetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*semasomosi
|
?
|
*semomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*semasetesi
|
?
|
*semete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*semasonti
|
?
|
*semontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*semūr
|
—
|
*sismāsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*semetar
|
—
|
*sismāsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*semetor
|
?
|
*sismāsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*semommor
|
—
|
*sismāsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*semedwe
|
—
|
*sismāsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*semontor
|
?
|
*sismāsontor
|
*semanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*semasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*semasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*semasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*semasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*semasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*semasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semonts
|
*semonte
|
*semontes
|
| vocative
|
*semonts
|
*semonte
|
*semontes
|
| accusative
|
*semontam
|
*semonte
|
*semontans
|
| genitive
|
*semantos
|
*?
|
*semantom
|
| dative
|
*semantei
|
*semantbom
|
*semantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*semantī?
|
*semantbim
|
*semantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semantī
|
*semantī
|
*semantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*semantī
|
*semantī
|
*semantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*semantīm
|
*semantī
|
*semantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*semantyās
|
*?
|
*semantyom
|
| dative
|
*semantyāi
|
*semantyābom
|
*semantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*semantyābim
|
*semantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semont
|
*?
|
*semonta
|
| vocative
|
*semont
|
*?
|
*semonta
|
| accusative
|
*semont
|
*?
|
*semonta
|
| genitive
|
*semantos
|
*?
|
*semantom
|
| dative
|
*semantei
|
*?
|
*semantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*semantī?
|
*?
|
*semantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semomnos
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*semomne
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*semomnom
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnons
|
| genitive
|
*semomnī
|
*semomnous
|
*semomnom
|
| dative
|
*semomnūi
|
*semomnobom
|
*semomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*semomnū
|
*semomnobim
|
*semomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semomnā
|
*semomnai
|
*semomnās
|
| vocative
|
*semomnā
|
*semomnai
|
*semomnās
|
| accusative
|
*semomnam
|
*semomnai
|
*semomnans
|
| genitive
|
*semomnās
|
*semomnous
|
*semomnom
|
| dative
|
*semomnai
|
*semomnābom
|
*semomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*semomnābim
|
*semomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*semomnom
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnā
|
| vocative
|
*semomnom
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnā
|
| accusative
|
*semomnom
|
*semomnou
|
*semomnā
|
| genitive
|
*semomnī
|
*semomnous
|
*semomnom
|
| dative
|
*semomnūi
|
*semomnobom
|
*semomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*semomnū
|
*semomnobim
|
*semomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*santos
|
*santou
|
*santoi
|
| vocative
|
*sante
|
*santou
|
*santoi
|
| accusative
|
*santom
|
*santou
|
*santons
|
| genitive
|
*santī
|
*santous
|
*santom
|
| dative
|
*santūi
|
*santobom
|
*santobos
|
| instrumental
|
*santū
|
*santobim
|
*santobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*santā
|
*santai
|
*santās
|
| vocative
|
*santā
|
*santai
|
*santās
|
| accusative
|
*santam
|
*santai
|
*santans
|
| genitive
|
*santās
|
*santous
|
*santom
|
| dative
|
*santai
|
*santābom
|
*santābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*santābim
|
*santābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*santom
|
*santou
|
*santā
|
| vocative
|
*santom
|
*santou
|
*santā
|
| accusative
|
*santom
|
*santou
|
*santā
|
| genitive
|
*santī
|
*santous
|
*santom
|
| dative
|
*santūi
|
*santobom
|
*santobos
|
| instrumental
|
*santū
|
*santobim
|
*santobis
|
Derived terms
- *uɸo-sem-d-eti (dental extension)
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: gwehynnu
- ⇒ Old Breton: douohinnom (< *to-uɸo-sendeti)
- *to-exs-semeti
- *to-uss-semeti
- Old Irish: do·fuissim
- Middle Irish: tuismid
- Irish: tuismigh
- Scottish Gaelic: taoim
- Manx: teaum
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sem-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 330