Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Conflated:

Suffix

*-n

  1. Genitive ending.
  2. Accusative singular ending.
Descendants
  • Estonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)
  • Finnish: -n
  • Ingrian: -n
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: -n
    • South Karelian: -n
  • Livonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)
  • Livvi: -n
  • Ludian: -n
  • Veps: -n
  • Võro: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)
  • Votic: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Etymology 2

Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n).

Suffix

*-n

  1. Instructive case ending.
Descendants
  • Finnish: -n

Etymology 3

From Proto-Uralic *-m.

Suffix

*-n

  1. First-person singular verb ending.
Usage notes
  • Attached after a tense or mood marker, except in the present indicative, where it attaches directly to the verb stem.
Descendants
  • Estonian: -n
  • Finnish: -n
  • Ingrian: -n
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: -n
    • South Karelian: -n
  • Livvi: -n
  • Ludian: -n
  • Veps: -n
  • Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)
  • Votic: -n
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