Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ttu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

  • *-tu (after monosyllabic stems or consonants)

Etymology

The passive marker *-tta- followed by *-u or possibly *-ut (see below)

Reconstruction

Many descendants point to *-(t)tut. The final *-t has usually been considered to be by analogy with the active participle ending *-nut.[1] However some Ostrobothnian dialects have participle forms such as otettuen. If from earlier *otettuden, this could be evidence for *-(t)tut being the original form.[2] It could then be akin to the end of *-nut (and possibly be the same as the adjectival suffix *-ut).

Suffix

*-ttu / *-ttü

  1. (having been) -ed; forms the past (passive) participle, which is used as an adjective.

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

From *-ttu:

  • Finnish: -ttu
  • Ingrian: -ttu
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: -ttu
    • South Karelian: -ttu
  • Livvi: -ttu
  • Ludian: -ttu
  • Votic: -ttu

From *-t'ut:

  • Estonian: -tud
  • Livonian: -tõd, -dõd
  • Veps: -tud
  • Võro: -duq, -tuq
  • Votic: (dialectal, Eastern Votic) -ttug

References

  1. ^ Lauri Hakulinen. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys
  2. ^ Harri Mantila, Matti Leiviskä. Onko Etelä-Pohjanmaan murteessa rautakautisia jälkiä?
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