Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cuk'ëldak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly from a sound-symbolic root (per SSA)^[1] +‎ *-(e)ldak.

Verb

*cuk'ëldak (stem *cukkëlë-)^[2]

to dive (swim or jump under water)
to swim

Inflection

Inflection of *cuk'ëldak

	present	past	imperative	optative
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
1st sing.	*cukkëlën	*cukkëlin	—	*cuk'ëlgon
2nd sing.	*cukkëlët	*cukkëlit	*cukkëlëk	*cuk'ëlgos
3rd sing.	cukkëlëpi cuk'ël	*cukkëli	*cuk'ëlkasën	*cuk'ëlkosën
1st plur.	cukkëlëkmëk cukkëlëkmak	cukkëlimëk cukkëlimak	cuk'ëlkatëmëk cuk'ëlkatamak	cuk'ëlkotëmëk cuk'ëlkotamak
2nd plur.	cukkëlëktëk cukkëlëktak	cukkëlidëk cukkëlidak	cuk'ëlkatë cuk'ëlkata	cuk'ëlgot'ëk cuk'ëlkotadak
3rd plur.	cukkëlëbat cuk'ël	*cukkëli	*cuk'ëlkasën	*cuk'ëlkosën
passive	cukkëlëksën cukkëlët'aksën	cuk'ëltisën cukkëlëttihën	cuk'ëltakahën cukkëlëttagasën	cuk'ëltakohën cukkëlëttagosën
connegative	*cukkëlëk	—	*cuk'ëlgak	*cuk'ëlgok
passive connegative	*cukkëlëktak	—	cuk'ëltagak cukkëlëttagak	cuk'ëltagok cukkëlëttagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*cukkëlëkcin	*cukkëlicin	*cuk'ëllën
2nd sing.	*cukkëlëkcit	*cukkëlicit	*cuk'ëllët
3rd sing.	*cukkëlëkci	*cukkëlici	*cuk'ëlli
1st plur.	cukkëlëkcimëk cukkëlëkcimak	cukkëlicimëk cukkëlicimak	cuk'ëllëmëk cuk'ëllëmak
2nd plur.	cukkëlëkcidëk cukkëlëkcidak	cukkëlicidëk cukkëlicidak	cuk'ëllëdëk cuk'ëllëdak
3rd plur.	*cukkëlëkci	*cukkëlici	*cuk'ëlli
passive	cuk'ëldakcihën cukkëlët'akcisën	cuk'ëlticihën cukkëlëtticisën	cuk'ëltanëhën cukkëlëttanësën
connegative	*cukkëlëkcik	*cukkëlicik	*cuk'ëllëk
passive connegative	cuk'ëldakcik cukkëlët'akcik	cuk'ëlticik cukkëlëtticik	cuk'ëltanëk cukkëlëttanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		active	passive
infinitive 1	*cuk'ëldak	present	*cukkëlëpa	cuk'ëltapa cukkëlëttaba
infinitive 2	*cuk'ëltë-	past	*cuk'ëllut	cuk'ëltu cukkëlëttu
gerund/supine	*cukkëlëma
action noun	*cukkëlëminen

Descendants

Estonian: suplema/supelda
Finnish: ⇒ sukeltaa
- → Estonian: sukeldama/sukeldada
Karelian: ⇒
- North Karelian: čukeltoa
- South Karelian: čukeltua
Livvi: ⇒ čukeldua
Ludian: ⇒ čukelduda, čukelzuda
Veps: ⇒ čuklahtada
Võro: tsuklõma/tsukõldaq

References

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sukeltaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*cukkë-lë-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sukeltaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*cukkë-lë-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1]

[2]