Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/haukkudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic. Borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian saukt and Lithuanian šaukti) is less likely.[1]
Verb
*haukkudak (stem *haukku-)[2]
- (of dogs) to bark
Inflection
Inflection of *haukkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *hauk'un | *hauk'uin | — | *haukkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *hauk'ut | *hauk'uit | *hauk'uk | *haukkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *haukkubi *haukku |
*haukkui | *haukkugasën | *haukkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *hauk'ukmëk *hauk'ukmak |
*haukkuimëk *haukkuimak |
*haukkugatëmëk *haukkugatamak |
*haukkugotëmëk *haukkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *hauk'uktëk *hauk'uktak |
*haukkuidëk *haukkuidak |
*haukkugatë *haukkugata |
*haukkugot'ëk *haukkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *haukkubat *haukku |
*haukkui | *haukkugasën | *haukkugosën |
| passive | *hauk'uksën *hauk'ut'aksën |
*haukkudisën *hauk'uttisën |
*haukkudakahën *hauk'uttakahën |
*haukkudakohën *hauk'uttakohën |
| connegative | *hauk'uk | — | *haukkugak | *haukkugok |
| passive connegative | *hauk'uktak | — | *haukkudagak *hauk'uttagak |
*haukkudagok *hauk'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *hauk'ukcin | *haukkuicin | *haukkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *hauk'ukcit | *haukkuicit | *haukkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *hauk'ukci | *haukkuici | *haukkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *hauk'ukcimëk *hauk'ukcimak |
*haukkuicimëk *haukkuicimak |
*haukkunëmëk *haukkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *hauk'ukcidëk *hauk'ukcidak |
*haukkuicidëk *haukkuicidak |
*haukkunëdëk *haukkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *hauk'ukci | *haukkuici | *haukkuni | |
| passive | *haukkudakcihën *hauk'ut'akcihën |
*haukkudicihën *hauk'utticihën |
*haukkudanëhën *hauk'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *hauk'ukcik | *haukkuicik | *haukkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *haukkudakcik *hauk'ut'akcik |
*haukkudicik *hauk'utticik |
*haukkudanëk *hauk'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *haukkudak | present | *haukkuba | *haukkudapa *hauk'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *haukkudë- | past | *haukkunut | *haukkudu *hauk'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *haukkuma | |||
| action noun | *haukkuminen | |||
Derived terms
- *hauk'ahtadak
Descendants
- Estonian: haukuma/haukuda
- Finnish: haukkua
- → Northern Sami: hávkut
- Ingrian: haukkua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: haukkuo
- South Karelian: haukkuo
- Livvi: haukkuo
- Ludian: haukkuda
- Veps: haukkuda
- Võro: haukma/haukuq
- Votic: (Kattila) aukkua
Further reading
- “haukuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012