Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/këlbat'ak
Proto-Finnic
Alternative reconstructions
- *kelbait'ak
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *helpaną (or from earlier Pre-Germanic) or alternatively from Baltic (compare Lithuanian gelbėti; according to Holopainen and Junttila (2022), from the present stem *gelbja with regular metathesis into *këlpai-[1]). Contains either the suffix *-t'ak or *-ait'ak.
Verb
*këlbat'ak (stem *këlbada-)[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *këlbat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *këlbadan | *këlbacin | — | *këlbatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *këlbadat | *këlbacit | *këlbadak | *këlbatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *këlbadapi *këlbat |
*këlbaci | *këlbatkasën | *këlbatkosën |
| 1st plur. | *këlbadakmëk *këlbadakmak |
*këlbacimëk *këlbacimak |
*këlbatkatëmëk *këlbatkatamak |
*këlbatkotëmëk *këlbatkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *këlbadaktëk *këlbadaktak |
*këlbacidëk *këlbacidak |
*këlbatkatë *këlbatkata |
*këlbatkot'ëk *këlbatkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *këlbadabat *këlbat |
*këlbaci | *këlbatkasën | *këlbatkosën |
| passive | *këlbadaksën *këlbadat'aksën |
*këlbattisën *këlbadattihën |
*këlbattakahën *këlbadattagasën |
*këlbattakohën *këlbadattagosën |
| connegative | *këlbadak | — | *këlbatkak | *këlbatkok |
| passive connegative | *këlbadaktak | — | *këlbattagak *këlbadattagak |
*këlbattagok *këlbadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *këlbadakcin | *këlbacicin | *këlbannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *këlbadakcit | *këlbacicit | *këlbannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *këlbadakci | *këlbacici | *këlbanni | |
| 1st plur. | *këlbadakcimëk *këlbadakcimak |
*këlbacicimëk *këlbacicimak |
*këlbannëmëk *këlbannëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *këlbadakcidëk *këlbadakcidak |
*këlbacicidëk *këlbacicidak |
*këlbannëdëk *këlbannëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *këlbadakci | *këlbacici | *këlbanni | |
| passive | *këlbat'akcihën *këlbadat'akcisën |
*këlbatticihën *këlbadatticisën |
*këlbattanëhën *këlbadattanësën | |
| connegative | *këlbadakcik | *këlbacicik | *këlbannëk | |
| passive connegative | *këlbat'akcik *këlbadat'akcik |
*këlbatticik *këlbadatticik |
*këlbattanëk *këlbadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *këlbat'ak | present | *këlbadapa | *këlbattapa *këlbadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *këlbattë- | past | *këlbannut | *këlbattu *këlbadattu |
| gerund/supine | *këlbadama | |||
| action noun | *këlbadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kõlbama/kõlvata
- Finnish: kelvata
- Ingrian: kelvata
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kõlbõ
- Livvi: kelvata
- Võro: kõlbama/kõlvadaq
- Votic: kõlvõtõ
References
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa, Junttila, Santeri (2022) Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen, Dettelbach: Verlag J.H. Röll GmbH, →ISBN
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*këlpa(i)da-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “kõlbama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012