Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaccodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Compare with Proto-Samic *keaččëtēk. There are two proposals, neither of which is convincing:
- comparison with Komi-Zyrian казявны (kaźavny), presuming a Proto-Finno-Permic *kaće-
- comparison with Icelandic gæta (“watch over, look after”) and English gaze, presuming borrowing from a Proto-Germanic *gātja- (now rather reconstructed as Proto-Germanic *ganhatjaną).
Verb
*kaccodak (stem *kacco-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *kaccodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kac'on | *kac'oin | — | *kaccogon |
| 2nd sing. | *kac'ot | *kac'oit | *kac'ok | *kaccogos |
| 3rd sing. | *kaccobi *kacco |
*kaccoi | *kaccogasën | *kaccogosën |
| 1st plur. | *kac'okmëk *kac'okmak |
*kaccoimëk *kaccoimak |
*kaccogatëmëk *kaccogatamak |
*kaccogotëmëk *kaccogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kac'oktëk *kac'oktak |
*kaccoidëk *kaccoidak |
*kaccogatë *kaccogata |
*kaccogot'ëk *kaccogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kaccobat *kacco |
*kaccoi | *kaccogasën | *kaccogosën |
| passive | *kac'oksën *kac'ot'aksën |
*kaccodisën *kac'ottisën |
*kaccodakahën *kac'ottakahën |
*kaccodakohën *kac'ottakohën |
| connegative | *kac'ok | — | *kaccogak | *kaccogok |
| passive connegative | *kac'oktak | — | *kaccodagak *kac'ottagak |
*kaccodagok *kac'ottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kac'okcin | *kaccoicin | *kacconën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kac'okcit | *kaccoicit | *kacconët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kac'okci | *kaccoici | *kacconi | |
| 1st plur. | *kac'okcimëk *kac'okcimak |
*kaccoicimëk *kaccoicimak |
*kacconëmëk *kacconëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kac'okcidëk *kac'okcidak |
*kaccoicidëk *kaccoicidak |
*kacconëdëk *kacconëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kac'okci | *kaccoici | *kacconi | |
| passive | *kaccodakcihën *kac'ot'akcihën |
*kaccodicihën *kac'otticihën |
*kaccodanëhën *kac'ottanëhën | |
| connegative | *kac'okcik | *kaccoicik | *kacconëk | |
| passive connegative | *kaccodakcik *kac'ot'akcik |
*kaccodicik *kac'otticik |
*kaccodanëk *kac'ottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kaccodak | present | *kaccoba | *kaccodapa *kac'ottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kaccodë- | past | *kacconut | *kaccodu *kac'ottu |
| gerund/supine | *kaccoma | |||
| action noun | *kaccominen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: katsuma/katsuda
- Finnish: katsoa
- Ingrian: katsoa
- Karelian: kaččuo
- Livvi: kaččuo
- Ludian: kaccoda
- Veps: kacta
- Votic: kattsoa
References
Further reading
- “katsuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012