Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaikudak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably onomatopoeic.

Verb

*kaikudak (stem *kaiku-)[1]

  1. to echo

Inflection

Inflection of *kaikudak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *kaigun *kaiguin — *kaikugon
2nd sing. *kaigut *kaiguit *kaiguk *kaikugos
3rd sing. *kaikubi
*kaiku 		*kaikui *kaikugasën *kaikugosën
1st plur. *kaigukmëk
*kaigukmak 		*kaikuimëk
*kaikuimak 		*kaikugatëmëk
*kaikugatamak 		*kaikugotëmëk
*kaikugotamak
2nd plur. *kaiguktëk
*kaiguktak 		*kaikuidëk
*kaikuidak 		*kaikugatë
*kaikugata 		*kaikugot'ëk
*kaikugotadak
3rd plur. *kaikubat
*kaiku 		*kaikui *kaikugasën *kaikugosën
passive *kaiguksën
*kaigut'aksën 		*kaikudisën
*kaiguttisën 		*kaikudakahën
*kaiguttakahën 		*kaikudakohën
*kaiguttakohën
connegative *kaiguk — *kaikugak *kaikugok
passive connegative *kaiguktak — *kaikudagak
*kaiguttagak 		*kaikudagok
*kaiguttagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *kaigukcin *kaikuicin *kaikunën
2nd sing. *kaigukcit *kaikuicit *kaikunët
3rd sing. *kaigukci *kaikuici *kaikuni
1st plur. *kaigukcimëk
*kaigukcimak 		*kaikuicimëk
*kaikuicimak 		*kaikunëmëk
*kaikunëmak
2nd plur. *kaigukcidëk
*kaigukcidak 		*kaikuicidëk
*kaikuicidak 		*kaikunëdëk
*kaikunëdak
3rd plur. *kaigukci *kaikuici *kaikuni
passive *kaikudakcihën
*kaigut'akcihën 		*kaikudicihën
*kaigutticihën 		*kaikudanëhën
*kaiguttanëhën
connegative *kaigukcik *kaikuicik *kaikunëk
passive connegative *kaikudakcik
*kaigut'akcik 		*kaikudicik
*kaigutticik 		*kaikudanëk
*kaiguttanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *kaikudak present *kaikuba *kaikudapa
*kaiguttapa
infinitive 2 *kaikudë- past *kaikunut *kaikudu
*kaiguttu
gerund/supine *kaikuma
action noun *kaikuminen

Descendants

  • Estonian: kaikuma/kaikuda
  • Finnish: kaikua
  • Ingrian: kaikua
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kaikuo

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kaiku-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “kaikuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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