Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from earlier *kalwu and related to Proto-Samic *kālvō (whence Northern Sami gálvu (“ware, object, thing”)). Saarikivi (2009) proposes borrowing from Early Old East Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Slavic *kolъ.[1]

Noun

*kalu[2]

  1. stick
  2. object, thing, tool

Inflection

Inflection of *kalu
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kalu *kalut
accusative *kalun *kalut
genitive *kalun *kaludën
*kaluidën
partitive *kaluda *kaluida
inessive *kalussa
*kaluhna 		*kaluissa
*kaluihna
elative *kalusta *kaluista
illative *kaluhën *kaluihën
adessive *kalulla *kaluilla
ablative *kalulta *kaluilta
allative *kalulën
*kalulëk 		*kaluilën
*kaluilëk
essive *kaluna *kaluina
translative *kaluksi *kaluiksi
instructive *kalun *kaluin
comitative *kalunëk *kaluinëk
abessive *kalutta *kaluitta

Descendants

  • Estonian: kalu
  • Finnish: kalu
  • Ingrian: kalu
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kalu
    • South Karelian: kalu
  • Livvi: kalu
  • Ludian: kalu
  • Veps: kalu
  • Votic: (Kattila) kalu

Further reading

  • “kalu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalu”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

References

  1. ^ Saarikivi, Janne. Itämerensuomalais-slaavilaisten kontaktien tutkimuksen nykytilasta. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 258. Helsinki 2009.
  2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kalu”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)
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