Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kapalëh
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian gabals, Lithuanian gabalas).
Noun
*kapalëh[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *kapalëh
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kapalëh | *kapalëhët | |
| accusative | *kapalëhën | *kapalëhët | |
| genitive | *kapalëhën | *kapalëhtën *kapalëhidën | |
| partitive | *kapalëhta | *kapalëhida | |
| inessive | *kapalëhëssa *kapalëhëhna |
*kapalëhissa *kapalëhihna | |
| elative | *kapalëhësta | *kapalëhista | |
| illative | *kapalëhëhën | *kapalëhihën | |
| adessive | *kapalëhëlla | *kapalëhilla | |
| ablative | *kapalëhëlta | *kapalëhilta | |
| allative | *kapalëhëlën *kapalëhëlëk |
*kapalëhilën *kapalëhilëk | |
| essive | *kapalëhëna | *kapalëhina | |
| translative | *kapalëhëksi | *kapalëhiksi | |
| instructive | *kapalëhën | *kapalëhin | |
| comitative | *kapalëhënëk | *kapalëhinëk | |
| abessive | *kapalëhëtta | *kapalëhitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: (dialectal) kabal
- Finnish: (dialectal) kapale
- Ingrian: kapale
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: kabaleh (dialectal)
- Livonian: kabāl
- Livvi: kabaleh
From *kappalëh:
- Finnish: kappale
- → Inari Sami: kapulâh
- → Northern Sami: gáhppálat
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kappaleh (dialectal)
- South Karelian: kappaleh (dialectal)
From *kappala:
- Votic: kappõlõ
References
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kappale”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN