Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kiusat'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *keusaną + *-t'ak.
Verb
*kiusat'ak (stem *kiusada-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *kiusat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kiusadan | *kiusacin | — | *kiusatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *kiusadat | *kiusacit | *kiusadak | *kiusatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *kiusadapi *kiusat |
*kiusaci | *kiusatkasën | *kiusatkosën |
| 1st plur. | *kiusadakmëk *kiusadakmak |
*kiusacimëk *kiusacimak |
*kiusatkatëmëk *kiusatkatamak |
*kiusatkotëmëk *kiusatkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kiusadaktëk *kiusadaktak |
*kiusacidëk *kiusacidak |
*kiusatkatë *kiusatkata |
*kiusatkot'ëk *kiusatkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kiusadabat *kiusat |
*kiusaci | *kiusatkasën | *kiusatkosën |
| passive | *kiusadaksën *kiusadat'aksën |
*kiusattisën *kiusadattihën |
*kiusattakahën *kiusadattagasën |
*kiusattakohën *kiusadattagosën |
| connegative | *kiusadak | — | *kiusatkak | *kiusatkok |
| passive connegative | *kiusadaktak | — | *kiusattagak *kiusadattagak |
*kiusattagok *kiusadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kiusadakcin | *kiusacicin | *kiusannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kiusadakcit | *kiusacicit | *kiusannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kiusadakci | *kiusacici | *kiusanni | |
| 1st plur. | *kiusadakcimëk *kiusadakcimak |
*kiusacicimëk *kiusacicimak |
*kiusannëmëk *kiusannëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kiusadakcidëk *kiusadakcidak |
*kiusacicidëk *kiusacicidak |
*kiusannëdëk *kiusannëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kiusadakci | *kiusacici | *kiusanni | |
| passive | *kiusat'akcihën *kiusadat'akcisën |
*kiusatticihën *kiusadatticisën |
*kiusattanëhën *kiusadattanësën | |
| connegative | *kiusadakcik | *kiusacicik | *kiusannëk | |
| passive connegative | *kiusat'akcik *kiusadat'akcik |
*kiusatticik *kiusadatticik |
*kiusattanëk *kiusadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kiusat'ak | present | *kiusadapa | *kiusattapa *kiusadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kiusattë- | past | *kiusannut | *kiusattu *kiusadattu |
| gerund/supine | *kiusadama | |||
| action noun | *kiusadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kiusama/kiusata
- Finnish: kiusata
- → Northern Sami: givssidit
- Ingrian: kiusata
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kiužõ
- Võro: kiusama/kiusadaq
- Votic: tšiuzõtõ
References
Further reading
- “kiusama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012