Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lëik'at'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną (“to bleach”), in which case the semantic shift could be explained through a meaning like "to strike/cut a mark into wood (to strip away the bark and reveal the lighter-colored wood within)";[1] in any case, contains the suffix + *-t'ak.
Verb
*lëik'at'ak (stem *lëikkada-)[2]
- to cut
Inflection
Inflection of *lëik'at'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *lëikkadan | *lëikkacin | — | *lëik'atkon |
| 2nd sing. | *lëikkadat | *lëikkacit | *lëikkadak | *lëik'atkos |
| 3rd sing. | *lëikkadapi *lëik'at |
*lëikkaci | *lëik'atkasën | *lëik'atkosën |
| 1st plur. | *lëikkadakmëk *lëikkadakmak |
*lëikkacimëk *lëikkacimak |
*lëik'atkatëmëk *lëik'atkatamak |
*lëik'atkotëmëk *lëik'atkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *lëikkadaktëk *lëikkadaktak |
*lëikkacidëk *lëikkacidak |
*lëik'atkatë *lëik'atkata |
*lëik'atkot'ëk *lëik'atkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *lëikkadabat *lëik'at |
*lëikkaci | *lëik'atkasën | *lëik'atkosën |
| passive | *lëikkadaksën *lëikkadat'aksën |
*lëik'attisën *lëikkadattihën |
*lëik'attakahën *lëikkadattagasën |
*lëik'attakohën *lëikkadattagosën |
| connegative | *lëikkadak | — | *lëik'atkak | *lëik'atkok |
| passive connegative | *lëikkadaktak | — | *lëik'attagak *lëikkadattagak |
*lëik'attagok *lëikkadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *lëikkadakcin | *lëikkacicin | *lëik'annën | |
| 2nd sing. | *lëikkadakcit | *lëikkacicit | *lëik'annët | |
| 3rd sing. | *lëikkadakci | *lëikkacici | *lëik'anni | |
| 1st plur. | *lëikkadakcimëk *lëikkadakcimak |
*lëikkacicimëk *lëikkacicimak |
*lëik'annëmëk *lëik'annëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *lëikkadakcidëk *lëikkadakcidak |
*lëikkacicidëk *lëikkacicidak |
*lëik'annëdëk *lëik'annëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *lëikkadakci | *lëikkacici | *lëik'anni | |
| passive | *lëik'at'akcihën *lëikkadat'akcisën |
*lëik'atticihën *lëikkadatticisën |
*lëik'attanëhën *lëikkadattanësën | |
| connegative | *lëikkadakcik | *lëikkacicik | *lëik'annëk | |
| passive connegative | *lëik'at'akcik *lëikkadat'akcik |
*lëik'atticik *lëikkadatticik |
*lëik'attanëk *lëikkadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *lëik'at'ak | present | *lëikkadapa | *lëik'attapa *lëikkadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *lëik'attë- | past | *lëik'annut | *lëik'attu *lëikkadattu |
| gerund/supine | *lëikkadama | |||
| action noun | *lëikkadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: lõikama/lõigata
- Finnish: leikata
- Ingrian: leikata
- Karelian: leikata
- Livvi: leikata
- Ludian: leikata
- Veps: leikata, liikata
- Võro: lõikama/lõigadaq
- Votic: lõikõtõ
References
- ^ Schalin, Johan. Östskandinavisk utveckling av den urnordiska ai-diftongen och palatalt r i ljuset av finska ljudsubstitutioner, pp. 247–248, in Studier i svensk språkhistoria 13. Umeå Studies in Language and Literature. Umeå. 2016. pp. 241–262
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*lëikkada-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “lõikama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012