Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/mustudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Verb
*mustudak (stem *mustu-)
Inflection
Inflection of *mustudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *mustun | *mustuin | — | *mustugon |
| 2nd sing. | *mustut | *mustuit | *mustuk | *mustugos |
| 3rd sing. | *mustubi *mustu |
*mustui | *mustugasën | *mustugosën |
| 1st plur. | *mustukmëk *mustukmak |
*mustuimëk *mustuimak |
*mustugatëmëk *mustugatamak |
*mustugotëmëk *mustugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *mustuktëk *mustuktak |
*mustuidëk *mustuidak |
*mustugatë *mustugata |
*mustugot'ëk *mustugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *mustubat *mustu |
*mustui | *mustugasën | *mustugosën |
| passive | *mustuksën *mustut'aksën |
*mustudisën *mustuttisën |
*mustudakahën *mustuttakahën |
*mustudakohën *mustuttakohën |
| connegative | *mustuk | — | *mustugak | *mustugok |
| passive connegative | *mustuktak | — | *mustudagak *mustuttagak |
*mustudagok *mustuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *mustukcin | *mustuicin | *mustunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *mustukcit | *mustuicit | *mustunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *mustukci | *mustuici | *mustuni | |
| 1st plur. | *mustukcimëk *mustukcimak |
*mustuicimëk *mustuicimak |
*mustunëmëk *mustunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *mustukcidëk *mustukcidak |
*mustuicidëk *mustuicidak |
*mustunëdëk *mustunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *mustukci | *mustuici | *mustuni | |
| passive | *mustudakcihën *mustut'akcihën |
*mustudicihën *mustutticihën |
*mustudanëhën *mustuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *mustukcik | *mustuicik | *mustunëk | |
| passive connegative | *mustudakcik *mustut'akcik |
*mustudicik *mustutticik |
*mustudanëk *mustuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *mustudak | present | *mustuba | *mustudapa *mustuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *mustudë- | past | *mustunut | *mustudu *mustuttu |
| gerund/supine | *mustuma | |||
| action noun | *mustuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: mustuma/mustuda
- Finnish: mustua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: mustuo
- South Karelian: mustuo
- Võro: mustuma/mustudaq
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “musta”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN