Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sanoidak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Verb
*sanoidak (stem *sanoi-)
Inflection
Inflection of *sanoidak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sanoin | *sanoin | — | *sanoigon |
| 2nd sing. | *sanoit | *sanoit | *sanoik | *sanoigos |
| 3rd sing. | *sanoibi *sanoi |
*sanoi | *sanoigasën | *sanoigosën |
| 1st plur. | *sanoikmëk *sanoikmak |
*sanoimëk *sanoimak |
*sanoigatëmëk *sanoigatamak |
*sanoigotëmëk *sanoigotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sanoiktëk *sanoiktak |
*sanoidëk *sanoidak |
*sanoigatë *sanoigata |
*sanoigot'ëk *sanoigotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *sanoibat *sanoi |
*sanoi | *sanoigasën | *sanoigosën |
| passive | *sanoiksën *sanoit'aksën |
*sanoidisën *sanoittisën |
*sanoidakahën *sanoittakahën |
*sanoidakohën *sanoittakohën |
| connegative | *sanoik | — | *sanoigak | *sanoigok |
| passive connegative | *sanoiktak | — | *sanoidagak *sanoittagak |
*sanoidagok *sanoittagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sanoikcin | *sanoicin | *sanoinën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sanoikcit | *sanoicit | *sanoinët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sanoikci | *sanoici | *sanoini | |
| 1st plur. | *sanoikcimëk *sanoikcimak |
*sanoicimëk *sanoicimak |
*sanoinëmëk *sanoinëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sanoikcidëk *sanoikcidak |
*sanoicidëk *sanoicidak |
*sanoinëdëk *sanoinëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sanoikci | *sanoici | *sanoini | |
| passive | *sanoidakcihën *sanoit'akcihën |
*sanoidicihën *sanoitticihën |
*sanoidanëhën *sanoittanëhën | |
| connegative | *sanoikcik | *sanoicik | *sanoinëk | |
| passive connegative | *sanoidakcik *sanoit'akcik |
*sanoidicik *sanoitticik |
*sanoidanëk *sanoittanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *sanoidak | present | *sanoiba | *sanoidapa *sanoittapa |
| infinitive 2 | *sanoidë- | past | *sanoinut | *sanoidu *sanoittu |
| gerund/supine | *sanoima | |||
| action noun | *sanoiminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: sõnuma/sõnuda
- Finnish: sanoa
- Ingrian: sannoa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: šanuo
- South Karelian: šanuo
- Livvi: sanuo
- Ludian: sanuda, sanoda
- Veps: sanuda
- Võro: synoma/synnoq
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sanoa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN