Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tarpodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tuorpōtēk, from earlier *tarpo-. Unlikely Germanic (from the same root as Swedish stör (“pole”)) and Baltic etymologies have been proposed.
Verb
*tarpodak (stem *tarpo-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *tarpodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *tarbon | *tarboin | — | *tarpogon |
| 2nd sing. | *tarbot | *tarboit | *tarbok | *tarpogos |
| 3rd sing. | *tarpobi *tarpo |
*tarpoi | *tarpogasën | *tarpogosën |
| 1st plur. | *tarbokmëk *tarbokmak |
*tarpoimëk *tarpoimak |
*tarpogatëmëk *tarpogatamak |
*tarpogotëmëk *tarpogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *tarboktëk *tarboktak |
*tarpoidëk *tarpoidak |
*tarpogatë *tarpogata |
*tarpogot'ëk *tarpogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *tarpobat *tarpo |
*tarpoi | *tarpogasën | *tarpogosën |
| passive | *tarboksën *tarbot'aksën |
*tarpodisën *tarbottisën |
*tarpodakahën *tarbottakahën |
*tarpodakohën *tarbottakohën |
| connegative | *tarbok | — | *tarpogak | *tarpogok |
| passive connegative | *tarboktak | — | *tarpodagak *tarbottagak |
*tarpodagok *tarbottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *tarbokcin | *tarpoicin | *tarponën | |
| 2nd sing. | *tarbokcit | *tarpoicit | *tarponët | |
| 3rd sing. | *tarbokci | *tarpoici | *tarponi | |
| 1st plur. | *tarbokcimëk *tarbokcimak |
*tarpoicimëk *tarpoicimak |
*tarponëmëk *tarponëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *tarbokcidëk *tarbokcidak |
*tarpoicidëk *tarpoicidak |
*tarponëdëk *tarponëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *tarbokci | *tarpoici | *tarponi | |
| passive | *tarpodakcihën *tarbot'akcihën |
*tarpodicihën *tarbotticihën |
*tarpodanëhën *tarbottanëhën | |
| connegative | *tarbokcik | *tarpoicik | *tarponëk | |
| passive connegative | *tarpodakcik *tarbot'akcik |
*tarpodicik *tarbotticik |
*tarpodanëk *tarbottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *tarpodak | present | *tarpoba | *tarpodapa *tarbottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *tarpodë- | past | *tarponut | *tarpodu *tarbottu |
| gerund/supine | *tarpoma | |||
| action noun | *tarpominen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: tarpoa
- Ingrian: tarpoa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: tarpuo
- South Karelian: tarbuo
- Livvi: tarbuo
- Ludian: tarboda
- Veps: tarboida
- Votic: (Mati) tarpoa
References
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “tarpoa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN