Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/torjudak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unclear. Possibly a cognate with Proto-Samic *toarjōtēk.

Verb

*torjudak (stem *torju-)[1]

  1. to fend off, to repulse, to drive away

Inflection

Inflection of *torjudak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *torjun *torjuin — *torjugon
2nd sing. *torjut *torjuit *torjuk *torjugos
3rd sing. *torjubi
*torju 		*torjui *torjugasën *torjugosën
1st plur. *torjukmëk
*torjukmak 		*torjuimëk
*torjuimak 		*torjugatëmëk
*torjugatamak 		*torjugotëmëk
*torjugotamak
2nd plur. *torjuktëk
*torjuktak 		*torjuidëk
*torjuidak 		*torjugatë
*torjugata 		*torjugot'ëk
*torjugotadak
3rd plur. *torjubat
*torju 		*torjui *torjugasën *torjugosën
passive *torjuksën
*torjut'aksën 		*torjudisën
*torjuttisën 		*torjudakahën
*torjuttakahën 		*torjudakohën
*torjuttakohën
connegative *torjuk — *torjugak *torjugok
passive connegative *torjuktak — *torjudagak
*torjuttagak 		*torjudagok
*torjuttagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *torjukcin *torjuicin *torjunën
2nd sing. *torjukcit *torjuicit *torjunët
3rd sing. *torjukci *torjuici *torjuni
1st plur. *torjukcimëk
*torjukcimak 		*torjuicimëk
*torjuicimak 		*torjunëmëk
*torjunëmak
2nd plur. *torjukcidëk
*torjukcidak 		*torjuicidëk
*torjuicidak 		*torjunëdëk
*torjunëdak
3rd plur. *torjukci *torjuici *torjuni
passive *torjudakcihën
*torjut'akcihën 		*torjudicihën
*torjutticihën 		*torjudanëhën
*torjuttanëhën
connegative *torjukcik *torjuicik *torjunëk
passive connegative *torjudakcik
*torjut'akcik 		*torjudicik
*torjutticik 		*torjudanëk
*torjuttanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *torjudak present *torjuba *torjudapa
*torjuttapa
infinitive 2 *torjudë- past *torjunut *torjudu
*torjuttu
gerund/supine *torjuma
action noun *torjuminen

Descendants

  • Estonian: tõrjuma/tõrjuda
  • Finnish: torjua

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*torju-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “tõrjuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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