Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/touk'at'ak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

According to SSA and EES, sound-symbolic^[1]^[2] +‎ *-t'ak.

Verb

*touk'at'ak (stem *toukkada-)^[3]

to push, to poke, to prod

Inflection

Inflection of *touk'at'ak

	present	past	imperative	optative
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
1st sing.	*toukkadan	*toukkacin	—	*touk'atkon
2nd sing.	*toukkadat	*toukkacit	*toukkadak	*touk'atkos
3rd sing.	toukkadapi touk'at	*toukkaci	*touk'atkasën	*touk'atkosën
1st plur.	toukkadakmëk toukkadakmak	toukkacimëk toukkacimak	touk'atkatëmëk touk'atkatamak	touk'atkotëmëk touk'atkotamak
2nd plur.	toukkadaktëk toukkadaktak	toukkacidëk toukkacidak	touk'atkatë touk'atkata	touk'atkot'ëk touk'atkotadak
3rd plur.	toukkadabat touk'at	*toukkaci	*touk'atkasën	*touk'atkosën
passive	toukkadaksën toukkadat'aksën	touk'attisën toukkadattihën	touk'attakahën toukkadattagasën	touk'attakohën toukkadattagosën
connegative	*toukkadak	—	*touk'atkak	*touk'atkok
passive connegative	*toukkadaktak	—	touk'attagak toukkadattagak	touk'attagok toukkadattagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*toukkadakcin	*toukkacicin	*touk'annën
2nd sing.	*toukkadakcit	*toukkacicit	*touk'annët
3rd sing.	*toukkadakci	*toukkacici	*touk'anni
1st plur.	toukkadakcimëk toukkadakcimak	toukkacicimëk toukkacicimak	touk'annëmëk touk'annëmak
2nd plur.	toukkadakcidëk toukkadakcidak	toukkacicidëk toukkacicidak	touk'annëdëk touk'annëdak
3rd plur.	*toukkadakci	*toukkacici	*touk'anni
passive	touk'at'akcihën toukkadat'akcisën	touk'atticihën toukkadatticisën	touk'attanëhën toukkadattanësën
connegative	*toukkadakcik	*toukkacicik	*touk'annëk
passive connegative	touk'at'akcik toukkadat'akcik	touk'atticik toukkadatticik	touk'attanëk toukkadattanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		active	passive
infinitive 1	*touk'at'ak	present	*toukkadapa	touk'attapa toukkadattaba
infinitive 2	*touk'attë-	past	*touk'annut	touk'attu toukkadattu
gerund/supine	*toukkadama
action noun	*toukkadaminen

Descendants

Estonian: tõukama/tõugata
Finnish: (dialectal) toukata
Ingrian: toukata
Võro: toukama/tougadaq
Votic: toukõtõ

From *töük'ät'äk:

Finnish: töykätä
Karelian:
- South Karelian: töykätä
Livvi: töykätä

References

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “toukata”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ “tõukama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*toukkada-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “toukata”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] “tõukama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

[3] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*toukkada-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

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