Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/valvadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly from the same root as *valadak, or alternatively, per Aikio, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *walwijaną.[1]
Verb
*valvadak (stem *valva-)[2]
- to stay up, to stay awake
- to keep an eye on, to guard
Inflection
Inflection of *valvadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *valvan | *valvoin | — | *valvagon |
| 2nd sing. | *valvat | *valvoit | *valvak | *valvagos |
| 3rd sing. | *valvabi *valva |
*valvoi | *valvagasën | *valvagosën |
| 1st plur. | *valvakmëk *valvakmak |
*valvoimëk *valvoimak |
*valvagatëmëk *valvagatamak |
*valvagotëmëk *valvagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *valvaktëk *valvaktak |
*valvoidëk *valvoidak |
*valvagatë *valvagata |
*valvagot'ëk *valvagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *valvabat *valva |
*valvoi | *valvagasën | *valvagosën |
| passive | *valvaksën *valvat'aksën |
*valvadisën *valvattisën |
*valvadakahën *valvattakahën |
*valvadakohën *valvattakohën |
| connegative | *valvak | — | *valvagak | *valvagok |
| passive connegative | *valvaktak | — | *valvadagak *valvattagak |
*valvadagok *valvattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *valvakcin | *valvoicin | *valvanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *valvakcit | *valvoicit | *valvanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *valvakci | *valvoici | *valvani | |
| 1st plur. | *valvakcimëk *valvakcimak |
*valvoicimëk *valvoicimak |
*valvanëmëk *valvanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *valvakcidëk *valvakcidak |
*valvoicidëk *valvoicidak |
*valvanëdëk *valvanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *valvakci | *valvoici | *valvani | |
| passive | *valvadakcihën *valvat'akcihën |
*valvadicihën *valvatticihën |
*valvadanëhën *valvattanëhën | |
| connegative | *valvakcik | *valvoicik | *valvanëk | |
| passive connegative | *valvadakcik *valvat'akcik |
*valvadicik *valvatticik |
*valvadanëk *valvattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *valvadak | present | *valvaba | *valvadapa *valvattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *valvadë- | past | *valvanut | *valvadu *valvattu |
| gerund/supine | *valvama | |||
| action noun | *valvaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: valvama/valvata
- Finnish: (dialectal) valvaa
- Võro: valvma/valvaq
- Votic: (Mati) valvaa
From *valvodak (with *-odak):
- Finnish: valvoa
- → Inari Sami: válvuđ
- Ingrian: valvoa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: valvuo
- South Karelian: valvuo
- Livvi: valvuo
- Votic: valvoa
References
Further reading
- “valvama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012