Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/viskait'ak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
According to SSA and EES, possibly a sound-symbolic root[1][2] + *-it'ak.
Verb
*viskait'ak (stem *viskaida-)[3]
Inflection
Inflection of *viskait'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *viskaidan | *viskaicin | — | *viskaitkon |
| 2nd sing. | *viskaidat | *viskaicit | *viskaidak | *viskaitkos |
| 3rd sing. | *viskaidapi *viskait |
*viskaici | *viskaitkasën | *viskaitkosën |
| 1st plur. | *viskaidakmëk *viskaidakmak |
*viskaicimëk *viskaicimak |
*viskaitkatëmëk *viskaitkatamak |
*viskaitkotëmëk *viskaitkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *viskaidaktëk *viskaidaktak |
*viskaicidëk *viskaicidak |
*viskaitkatë *viskaitkata |
*viskaitkot'ëk *viskaitkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *viskaidabat *viskait |
*viskaici | *viskaitkasën | *viskaitkosën |
| passive | *viskaidaksën *viskaidat'aksën |
*viskaittisën *viskaidattihën |
*viskaittakahën *viskaidattagasën |
*viskaittakohën *viskaidattagosën |
| connegative | *viskaidak | — | *viskaitkak | *viskaitkok |
| passive connegative | *viskaidaktak | — | *viskaittagak *viskaidattagak |
*viskaittagok *viskaidattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *viskaidakcin | *viskaicicin | *viskainnën | |
| 2nd sing. | *viskaidakcit | *viskaicicit | *viskainnët | |
| 3rd sing. | *viskaidakci | *viskaicici | *viskainni | |
| 1st plur. | *viskaidakcimëk *viskaidakcimak |
*viskaicicimëk *viskaicicimak |
*viskainnëmëk *viskainnëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *viskaidakcidëk *viskaidakcidak |
*viskaicicidëk *viskaicicidak |
*viskainnëdëk *viskainnëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *viskaidakci | *viskaicici | *viskainni | |
| passive | *viskait'akcihën *viskaidat'akcisën |
*viskaitticihën *viskaidatticisën |
*viskaittanëhën *viskaidattanësën | |
| connegative | *viskaidakcik | *viskaicicik | *viskainnëk | |
| passive connegative | *viskait'akcik *viskaidat'akcik |
*viskaitticik *viskaidatticik |
*viskaittanëk *viskaidattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *viskait'ak | present | *viskaidapa | *viskaittapa *viskaidattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *viskaittë- | past | *viskainnut | *viskaittu *viskaidattu |
| gerund/supine | *viskaidama | |||
| action noun | *viskaidaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: viskama/visata
- Finnish: viskata
- Ingrian: visata
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: visata
- South Karelian: viššata, viškata
- Livonian: viskõ
- Livvi: viškata
- Ludian: viškaitta
- Veps: viškaita
- Võro: viskama/visadaq
- Votic: vizgõtõ
References
- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “viskata”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ “viskama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*viska-ida-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)