Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-āną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Somewhat uncertain. Reconstructed by Ringe[1] as originating from earlier *-ajaną, from Proto-Indo-European *-oyéti (factitive verb suffix). The reconstruction of this Indo-European suffix is uncertain, but it would also be the origin of the Ancient Greek -όω (-óō) contracted verbs.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*-āną

  1. Creates stative - fientive verbs from other verbs, from adjectives and from nouns.
  2. Creates denominative verbs from nouns.
  3. Creates factitive verbs from adjectives.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-ō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *-aisi ? *-ai *-āsai ?
3rd singular *-aiþi ? *-āþau *-āþai ?
1st dual *-ōs ? — — —
2nd dual *-āþiz ? *-āþiz — —
1st plural *-āmaz ? — *-ānþai ?
2nd plural *-aiþ ? *-aiþ *-ānþai ?
3rd plural *-ānþi ? *-ānþau *-ānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-adǭ *-adēdį̄
2nd singular *-adēz *-adēdīz
3rd singular *-adē *-adēdī
1st dual *-adēdū *-adēdīw
2nd dual *-adēdudiz *-adēdīdiz
1st plural *-adēdum *-adēdīm
2nd plural *-adēdud *-adēdīd
3rd plural *-adēdun *-adēdīn
present past
participles *-āndz *-adaz

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic class 3 weak verbs

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ēn
    • Old English: -ian (in a few cases; preceded by a palatalised consonant or non-backed æ)
    • Old High German: -ēn
      • Middle High German: -en
  • Old Norse: -ja (only after short stems)
  • Gothic: -𐌰𐌽 (-ān)

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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