Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-naną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Reconstructed by Ringe[1] from an alternating suffix *-nō- (singular) ~ *-na- (nonsingular), from Proto-Indo-European *-néh₂- ~ *-nh₂-, from n-infix presents to laryngeal-final roots that were reanalysed as a separate suffix (as in several other branches).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*-naną
- Forms fientive verbs, with a sense of 'to become (the base)'.
Inflection
These verbs are always intransitive, so there are no passive forms. They seemed to have originally lacked a past participle as well.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *-nō | *-naų | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *-nōsi | *-nais | *-nō | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *-nōþi | *-nai | *-nōþau | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *-nōs | *-naiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *-naþiz | *-naiþiz | *-naþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *-namaz | *-naim | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *-naþ | *-naiþ | *-naþ | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *-nanþi | *-nain | *-nanþau | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *-nōdǭ | *-nōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *-nōdēz | *-nōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *-nōdē | *-nōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *-nōdēdū | *-nōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *-nōdēdudiz | *-nōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *-nōdēdum | *-nōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *-nōdēdud | *-nōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *-nōdēdun | *-nōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *-nandz | — | ||||
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic class 4 weak verbs
Descendants
This suffix was preserved as a separate class only in Gothic. In Old High German, it mostly merged with the third weak class, while in the other descendants it merged with the second weak class.
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN