Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ungō
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *-ingō, *-engō
Etymology
Unknown, but possibly from an earlier *-ōngō, equivalent to *-ōną + *-gō. No certain cognates outside of Germanic and not found in Gothic, which has instead similar verbal nouns without -g-. Perhaps cognate with Latin suffixes -undus (forms the gerund) or Ancient Greek -δᾰπός (-dăpós) (from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷos) as in ἀλλοδαπός (allodapós), ποδαπός (podapós), and possibly Latin propinquus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uŋ.ɡɔː/
Suffix
*-ungō f
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ungō | *-ungôz |
| vocative | *-ungō | *-ungôz |
| accusative | *-ungǭ | *-ungōz |
| genitive | *-ungōz | *-ungǫ̂ |
| dative | *-ungōi | *-ungōmaz |
| instrumental | *-ungō | *-ungōmiz |
Usage notes
- *-ungō was originally used with weak class 2 verbs (verbs ending in *-ōną) and *-ingō was used with weak class 1 verbs (verbs ending in *-janą) which eventually extended to all other verbs, possibly absorbing other verbal suffixes in the process (e.g. *-āngō, *-angō, *-engō, etc.). Over time, the distinction between *-ungō and *-ingō in the daughter languages became blurred and the suffixes were eventually merged in modern times.
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ungō