Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/abuhaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ápōkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, with alteration based on adjectives in *-ugaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó and Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, located backwards, behind), Proto-Slavic *opakъ (inverted).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑ.βu.xɑz/

Adjective

*abuhaz[1]

  1. turned the wrong way, inverted
  2. wicked, bad

Inflection

Declension of *abuhaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *abuhaz *abuhō *abuhą, -atō *abuhai *abuhôz *abuhō
accusative *abuhanǭ *abuhǭ *abuhą, -atō *abuhanz *abuhōz *abuhō
genitive *abuhas, -is *abuhaizōz *abuhas, -is *abuhaizǫ̂ *abuhaizǫ̂ *abuhaizǫ̂
dative *abuhammai *abuhaizōi *abuhammai *abuhaimaz *abuhaimaz *abuhaimaz
instrumental *abuhanō *abuhaizō *abuhanō *abuhaimiz *abuhaimiz *abuhaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *abuhô *abuhǭ *abuhô *abuhaniz *abuhōniz *abuhōnō
accusative *abuhanų *abuhōnų *abuhô *abuhanunz *abuhōnunz *abuhōnō
genitive *abuhiniz *abuhōniz *abuhiniz *abuhanǫ̂ *abuhōnǫ̂ *abuhanǫ̂
dative *abuhini *abuhōni *abuhini *abuhammaz *abuhōmaz *abuhammaz
instrumental *abuhinē *abuhōnē *abuhinē *abuhammiz *abuhōmiz *abuhammiz

Descendants

  • Old Saxon: abuh
  • Old High German: abuh
    • Middle High German: ebich
  • Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr
    • Icelandic: öfugur
    • Norwegian: avig, avug, ovug
    • Old Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher
    • Old Danish:
    • English: awk
  • Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*abuha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 2