Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos (“oath”). Cognate with Old Irish óeth (“oath”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑi̯.θɑz/

Noun

*aiþaz m[1]

  1. oath

Inflection

Declension of *aiþaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *aiþaz *aiþōz, *aiþōs
vocative *aiþ *aiþōz, *aiþōs
accusative *aiþą *aiþanz
genitive *aiþas, *aiþis *aiþǫ̂
dative *aiþai *aiþamaz
instrumental *aiþō *aiþamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *aiþ
    • Old English: āþ
      • Middle English: oth, ooth, ath
        • English: oath
        • Scots: aith
        • Yola: oathès (plural)
    • Old Frisian: ēth, āth
      • North Frisian: ith, iss
      • Saterland Frisian: Eed
      • West Frisian: eed
    • Old Saxon: ēth
      • Middle Low German: êt
        • German Low German: Eed
        • Plautdietsch: Eit
    • Old Dutch: *ēth
    • Old High German: eid, aid — Lombardic
      • Middle High German: eit
        • German: Eid
        • Luxembourgish: Eed
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Frankfurterisch: IPA [ait]
      • ⇒ Lombardic: *aido (“oath-helper”) (attested as aidos pl (“oath-helpers”))
  • Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚦᚨᛉ (*aiþaʀ)
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (aiþs)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 15
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