Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/argijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *argaz (“unworthy, cowardly”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*argijaną[1]

  1. to spoil, to ruin
  2. to make into a coward

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *argijō *argijaų — *argijai ?
2nd singular *argīsi *argijais *argī *argijasai *argijaisau
3rd singular *argīþi *argijai *argijaþau *argijaþai *argijaiþau
1st dual *argijōs *argijaiw — — —
2nd dual *argijaþiz *argijaiþiz *argijaþiz — —
1st plural *argijamaz *argijaim — *argijanþai *argijainþau
2nd plural *argīþ *argijaiþ *argīþ *argijanþai *argijainþau
3rd plural *argijanþi *argijain *argijanþau *argijanþai *argijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *argidǭ *argidēdį̄
2nd singular *argidēz *argidēdīz
3rd singular *argidē *argidēdī
1st dual *argidēdū *argidēdīw
2nd dual *argidēdudiz *argidēdīdiz
1st plural *argidēdum *argidēdīm
2nd plural *argidēdud *argidēdīd
3rd plural *argidēdun *argidēdīn
present past
participles *argijandz *argidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *argijan
    • Old Saxon: *ergian
    • Old Dutch: *ergen
    • Old High German: *ergen
      • Middle High German: ergen
  • Old Norse: *ergja (only attested in the passive, ergjask (“to become a coward”))

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*arʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
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