Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bēganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; perhaps, related to Old Irish bág (“war”) and Old Irish bágaid (“to battle”)^[1],^[2] which has been proposed to stem from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁ǵʰ- (“to dispute, quarrel”).^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɛː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bēganą^[1]

to fight, argue, quarrel

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7d)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bēgō	*bēgaų	—	*bēgai	?
2nd singular	*bēgizi	*bēgaiz	*bēg	*bēgazai	*bēgaizau
3rd singular	*bēgidi	*bēgai	*bēgadau	*bēgadai	*bēgaidau
1st dual	*bēgōz	*bēgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bēgadiz	*bēgaidiz	*bēgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bēgamaz	*bēgaim	—	*bēgandai	*bēgaindau
2nd plural	*bēgid	*bēgaid	*bēgid	*bēgandai	*bēgaindau
3rd plural	*bēgandi	*bēgain	*bēgandau	*bēgandai	*bēgaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bebēg	*bebēgį̄
2nd singular	*bebēht	*bebēgīz
3rd singular	*bebēg	*bebēgī
1st dual	*bebēgū	*bebēgīw
2nd dual	*bebēgudiz	*bebēgīdiz
1st plural	*bebēgum	*bebēgīm
2nd plural	*bebēgud	*bebēgīd
3rd plural	*bebēgun	*bebēgīn

	present	past
participles	*bēgandz	*bēganaz

Related terms

*bēgaz
*bēgāną
*bēgô, *gabēgô

Descendants

Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
  - Dutch: bageren
Old High German: bāgan, pāgan
- Middle High German: bāgen
  - ⇒ German: bägern
  - Bavarian: bägen
  - ⇒ Swabian: bägeren
- → Middle French: bagarot
- → Occitan: bagarro
  - → French: bagarre; bagarrer
    - → Italian: bagarre
Old Norse: bága
- Faroese: bága
- ⇒ Old Norse: bægja
  - Icelandic: bægja
→ Proto-Samic: *piekōtēk, *pākētēk (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bēʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhēgh-:bhōgh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 115
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 68

[Orel-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bēʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhēgh-:bhōgh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 115

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 68

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