Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berhtaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰer(H)ǵ-tó-s, from *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine”) +‎ *-tós. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *berxtos, Proto-Albanian *bardza (“white”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈberx.tɑz/

Adjective

*berhtaz

bright, shining

Inflection

Declension of *berhtaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berhtaz	*berhtō	*berhtą, -atō	*berhtai	*berhtôz	*berhtō
accusative	*berhtanǭ	*berhtǭ	*berhtą, -atō	*berhtanz	*berhtōz	*berhtō
genitive	*berhtas, -is	*berhtaizōz	*berhtas, -is	*berhtaizǫ̂	*berhtaizǫ̂	*berhtaizǫ̂
dative	*berhtammai	*berhtaizōi	*berhtammai	*berhtaimaz	*berhtaimaz	*berhtaimaz
instrumental	*berhtanō	*berhtaizō	*berhtanō	*berhtaimiz	*berhtaimiz	*berhtaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*berhtô	*berhtǭ	*berhtô	*berhtaniz	*berhtōniz	*berhtōnō
accusative	*berhtanų	*berhtōnų	*berhtô	*berhtanunz	*berhtōnunz	*berhtōnō
genitive	*berhtiniz	*berhtōniz	*berhtiniz	*berhtanǫ̂	*berhtōnǫ̂	*berhtanǫ̂
dative	*berhtini	*berhtōni	*berhtini	*berhtammaz	*berhtōmaz	*berhtammaz
instrumental	*berhtinē	*berhtōnē	*berhtinē	*berhtammiz	*berhtōmiz	*berhtammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *berht
- Old English: beorht, berht — Anglian, bryht, byrht
  - Middle English: briht, briȝt, bright
    - English: bright
      - → Icelandic: bræt
    - Geordie English: breet
    - Scots: bricht
- Old Saxon: berht, beraht
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: brecht m (“shine, brightness, glory”, noun)
- Old Dutch: *berht
  - ⇒ Old Dutch: filoberht (“very bright”)
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: onbrecht, ombrecht (“unclear”)
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: Brecht, Brechta, Bert, Berte (personal names)
    - Dutch: Brecht, Bert
- Old High German: berht, perht, beraht, peraht
  - ⇒ Old High German: giberaht
    - Middle High German: gebërht
  - Middle High German: bërht
    - ⇒ German: Bert, Bert-, -bert, -brecht (in personal names)
Old Norse: bjartr
- Icelandic: bjartur
- Faroese: bjartur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bjart
- Old Swedish: biærter
  - Swedish: bjärt
- Old Danish: biært, bærth
  - Danish: bjært
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (bairhts)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*berhta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 60-1

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*berhta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 60-1

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