Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to smash, break”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) Orel's alternate derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”) is less semantically convincing.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbik.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bikjaną

  1. to attack, stab, hack, thrust

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bikjō *bikjaų — *bikjai ?
2nd singular *bikisi *bikjais *biki *bikjasai *bikjaisau
3rd singular *bikiþi *bikjai *bikjaþau *bikjaþai *bikjaiþau
1st dual *bikjōs *bikjaiw — — —
2nd dual *bikjaþiz *bikjaiþiz *bikjaþiz — —
1st plural *bikjamaz *bikjaim — *bikjanþai *bikjainþau
2nd plural *bikiþ *bikjaiþ *bikiþ *bikjanþai *bikjainþau
3rd plural *bikjanþi *bikjain *bikjanþau *bikjanþai *bikjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bikidǭ *bikidēdį̄
2nd singular *bikidēz *bikidēdīz
3rd singular *bikidē *bikidēdī
1st dual *bikidēdū *bikidēdīw
2nd dual *bikidēdudiz *bikidēdīdiz
1st plural *bikidēdum *bikidēdīm
2nd plural *bikidēdud *bikidēdīd
3rd plural *bikidēdun *bikidēdīn
present past
participles *bikjandz *bikidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *bikkjan
    • Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka
      • Saterland Frisian: bikje
      • West Frisian: bikje, bikke
    • Old Saxon: *bikkian (suggested by derivative bikkil)
      • Middle Low German: bicken
        • German Low German: bickern (frequentative)
    • Old Dutch: *bikken
      • Middle Dutch: bicken
        • Dutch: bikken
        • → Middle English: bickeren, beckeren (frequentative)
    • Old High German: bikken, bicken; anabikken
      • Middle High German: bicken, becken
        • German: bicken
  • Old Norse: bikkja

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bekwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41
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