Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bistandaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *standaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bi.ˈstɑn.dɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bistandaną

to stand by or near
to stand around, surround

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bistandō	*bistandaų	—	*bistandai	?
2nd singular	*bistandizi	*bistandaiz	*bistand	*bistandazai	*bistandaizau
3rd singular	*bistandidi	*bistandai	*bistandadau	*bistandadai	*bistandaidau
1st dual	*bistandōz	*bistandaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bistandadiz	*bistandaidiz	*bistandadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bistandamaz	*bistandaim	—	*bistandandai	*bistandaindau
2nd plural	*bistandid	*bistandaid	*bistandid	*bistandandai	*bistandaindau
3rd plural	*bistandandi	*bistandain	*bistandandau	*bistandandai	*bistandaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bistōþ	*bistōdį̄
2nd singular	*bistōst	*bistōdīz
3rd singular	*bistōþ	*bistōdī
1st dual	*bistōdū	*bistōdīw
2nd dual	*bistōdudiz	*bistōdīdiz
1st plural	*bistōdum	*bistōdīm
2nd plural	*bistōdud	*bistōdīd
3rd plural	*bistōdun	*bistōdīn

	present	past
participles	*bistandandz	*bistadanaz

Related terms

*bistāną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bistandan
- Old English: bestandan
  - Middle English: bestanden, bistanden
    - English: bestand
- Old Frisian: *bistanda, *bistonda
  - Saterland Frisian: bestounde
- Old Saxon: *bistandan
  - Middle Low German: bestanden
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: bestandinge
- Old Dutch: *bistandan
  - Middle Dutch: bestanden
- Old High German: bistantan; bīstantan
  - Middle High German: *bestanden
    - ⇒ Middle High German: bestandunge
Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bistandan)