Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blīwiją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from a pre-form of Proto-Indo-European *mliH-wó-s, which appears to be a regional Wanderwort of substrate origin. Compare Ancient Greek μόλῠβδος (mólŭbdos, “lead”), Latin plumbum (“lead”).[1]

Older theories tentatively derived the word from *mleh₁y- (“to be weak, weary, tired”); compare *blīþiz (“soft, mild”), and, outside of Germanic, Sanskrit म्लायति (mlā́yati, “to be weary”), Proto-Celtic *mlīnos (“weary, tired”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbliː.wi.jɑ̃/

Noun

*blīwiją n

  1. lead (metal)

Inflection

Declension of *blīwiją (neuter ja-stem)
singular plural
nominative *blīwiją *blīwijō
vocative *blīwiją *blīwijō
accusative *blīwiją *blīwijō
genitive *blīwijas, *blīwīs *blīwijǫ̂
dative *blīwijai *blīwijamaz
instrumental *blīwijō *blīwijamiz

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *blīwī
    • Old Frisian: *blī
      • Saterland Frisian: Bläi (possibly borrowed from Low German)
    • Old Saxon: blī, blīo, blīu, *blīg
      • Middle Low German: blî, blig, blige
        • German Low German:
          Altmärkisch: Bli
          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Bluich
          Lippisch: Blüch, Bluig
          Sauerländisch: Bley, Blǖ, Blī
          Westmünsterländisch: Blij
        • Plautdietsch: Blie
        • → Middle English: *bli
          • ⇒ Middle English: bligeter (“lead founder”)
    • Old Dutch: *blī
      • Middle Dutch: bli
        • Dutch: blij, blei (with unetymological ei)
        • Limburgish: blie
    • Old High German: blīo, blīwo, blīoh (< *blīu or *blīwō)
  • Old Norse: blý
  • → Estonian: plii

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*blīwa- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀlīwan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49-50
  3. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Blei¹”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 91
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