Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruzdōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbruz.dɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bruzdōną

to prick (as with a point)

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bruzdō	*bruzdǭ	—	*bruzdōi	?
2nd singular	*bruzdōsi	*bruzdōs	*bruzdō	*bruzdōsai	*bruzdōsau
3rd singular	*bruzdōþi	*bruzdō	*bruzdōþau	*bruzdōþai	*bruzdōþau
1st dual	*bruzdōs	*bruzdōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bruzdōþiz	*bruzdōþiz	*bruzdōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bruzdōmaz	*bruzdōm	—	*bruzdōnþai	*bruzdōnþau
2nd plural	*bruzdōþ	*bruzdōþ	*bruzdōþ	*bruzdōnþai	*bruzdōnþau
3rd plural	*bruzdōnþi	*bruzdōn	*bruzdōnþau	*bruzdōnþai	*bruzdōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bruzdōdǭ	*bruzdōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bruzdōdēz	*bruzdōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bruzdōdē	*bruzdōdēdī
1st dual	*bruzdōdēdū	*bruzdōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bruzdōdēdudiz	*bruzdōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bruzdōdēdum	*bruzdōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bruzdōdēdud	*bruzdōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bruzdōdēdun	*bruzdōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bruzdōndz	*bruzdōdaz

Related terms

*bruzdijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *broʀdōn
- Old Saxon: brordōn
- Old High German: brortōn (only as past participle gibrortot)
- → Old French: brosder, broder, broider
  - Middle French: broder
    - French: broder
    - → Middle High German: brudieren
  - → Old Occitan: broydar
    - Occitan: brodar
Old Norse: brodda
Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 (*bruzdōn) (see there for further descendants)