Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreyd- (“to have diarrhea”).[1] Perhaps cognate to Russian дриста́ть (dristátʹ, “to shart”), as well as Persian درد (dord, “dregs”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drītaną[1][3]

  1. to defecate
  2. to urinate

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *drītō *drītaų — *drītai ?
2nd singular *drītizi *drītaiz *drīt *drītazai *drītaizau
3rd singular *drītidi *drītai *drītadau *drītadai *drītaidau
1st dual *drītōz *drītaiw — — —
2nd dual *drītadiz *drītaidiz *drītadiz — —
1st plural *drītamaz *drītaim — *drītandai *drītaindau
2nd plural *drītid *drītaid *drītid *drītandai *drītaindau
3rd plural *drītandi *drītain *drītandau *drītandai *drītaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *drait *dritį̄
2nd singular *draist *dritīz
3rd singular *drait *dritī
1st dual *dritū *dritīw
2nd dual *dritudiz *dritīdiz
1st plural *dritum *dritīm
2nd plural *dritud *dritīd
3rd plural *dritun *dritīn
present past
participles *drītandz *dritanaz

Derived terms

  • *draitijaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *drītan
    • Old English: drītan
    • Old Frisian: drīta
    • Old Saxon: *drītan
    • Old Dutch: *drītan
    • Old High German: trīzan; *drīzan
  • Old Norse: dríta
    • Icelandic: dríta
    • Faroese: dríta
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: drita
    • Norwegian Bokmål: drite
    • Elfdalian: dritå, draita
    • Swedish: drita[4] (dialectal (1862), not necessarily still used)
    • Danish: dritte[5] (dialectal, obsolete in common language)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
  2. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*drītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
  4. ^ drita in Johan Ernst Rietz, Svenskt dialektlexikon (1862–1867)
  5. ^ “dritte” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
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