Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dugunþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From unattested *dugunþaz (“productive, useful, strong”) +‎ *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ont-s ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥t-és, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive, useful; to be strong”) +‎ *-onts.^[1] See also *duganą (“to be fit, avail”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ɣun.θɔː/

Noun

*dugunþō f^[2]

ability, usefulness, strength
virtue, strength of character

Inflection

Declension of *dugunþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
vocative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
accusative	*dugunþǭ	*dugunþōz
genitive	*dugunþōz	*dugunþǫ̂
dative	*dugunþōi	*dugunþōmaz
instrumental	*dugunþō	*dugunþōmiz

Synonyms

*dugiþō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dugunþu, *dugunþi
- Old English: duguþ
  - Middle English: douthe, douth, douþe, duthe, doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe (Early Middle English)
    - English: douth
    - Scots: duthe, douth
- Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede
  - North Frisian: döged, dögd
  - Saterland Frisian: Duugd
  - West Frisian: deugd
- Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth
  - Middle Low German: dogent, doget
    - German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt
- Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth
  - Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget
    - Dutch: deugd
      - Afrikaans: deug
- Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)
  - Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)
    - Alemannic German: Tuugend
    - German: Tugend
      - →? Central Franconian: Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend
      - →? Luxembourgish: Dugend
    - Rhine Franconian:
      - Palatine German: Tugend
    - Vilamovian: tūgyt
    - Yiddish: טוגענד (tugend)
Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō)^[3]
- Old Norse: dygð, dyggð
  - Icelandic: dygð, dyggð
  - Faroese: dygd
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: dygd
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: dygd
  - Elfdalian: dygd
  - Old Swedish: dyghþ^[4]
    - Swedish: dygd
  - Old Danish: dyghth^[5]
    - Danish: dyd
      - Norwegian Bokmål: dyd
        → Norwegian Nynorsk: dyd
  - Gutnish: dygd

References

^ Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dugunþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
^ dygd in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
^ dygd in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
^ “dyd” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

[1] Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dugunþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107

[3] ygd in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[4] ygd in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

[5] “dyd” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]