Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *duniz (“sound”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdun.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dunjaną[1]

  1. to make a noise, to resound

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dunjō *dunjaų — *dunjai ?
2nd singular *dunisi *dunjais *duni *dunjasai *dunjaisau
3rd singular *duniþi *dunjai *dunjaþau *dunjaþai *dunjaiþau
1st dual *dunjōs *dunjaiw — — —
2nd dual *dunjaþiz *dunjaiþiz *dunjaþiz — —
1st plural *dunjamaz *dunjaim — *dunjanþai *dunjainþau
2nd plural *duniþ *dunjaiþ *duniþ *dunjanþai *dunjainþau
3rd plural *dunjanþi *dunjain *dunjanþau *dunjanþai *dunjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dunidǭ *dunidēdį̄
2nd singular *dunidēz *dunidēdīz
3rd singular *dunidē *dunidēdī
1st dual *dunidēdū *dunidēdīw
2nd dual *dunidēdudiz *dunidēdīdiz
1st plural *dunidēdum *dunidēdīm
2nd plural *dunidēdud *dunidēdīd
3rd plural *dunidēdun *dunidēdīn
present past
participles *dunjandz *dunidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dunnjan
    • Old English: dynnan, dynian
      • Middle English: dynen, dyne, dinen
        • English: dine
        • Scots: dine
    • Old Saxon: dunnian
      • Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen
    • Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen
      • Middle High German: dunen, dünen
        • German: dünen (archaic)
  • Old Norse: dynja

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dunjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 79
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