Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhtaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade derivation in *-to- from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“fear”). Compare Tocharian B pärsk-.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸurx.tɑz/

Adjective

*furhtaz

fearful, afraid

Inflection

Declension of *furhtaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*furhtaz	*furhtō	*furhtą, -atō	*furhtai	*furhtôz	*furhtō
accusative	*furhtanǭ	*furhtǭ	*furhtą, -atō	*furhtanz	*furhtōz	*furhtō
genitive	*furhtas, -is	*furhtaizōz	*furhtas, -is	*furhtaizǫ̂	*furhtaizǫ̂	*furhtaizǫ̂
dative	*furhtammai	*furhtaizōi	*furhtammai	*furhtaimaz	*furhtaimaz	*furhtaimaz
instrumental	*furhtanō	*furhtaizō	*furhtanō	*furhtaimiz	*furhtaimiz	*furhtaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*furhtô	*furhtǭ	*furhtô	*furhtaniz	*furhtōniz	*furhtōnō
accusative	*furhtanų	*furhtōnų	*furhtô	*furhtanunz	*furhtōnunz	*furhtōnō
genitive	*furhtiniz	*furhtōniz	*furhtiniz	*furhtanǫ̂	*furhtōnǫ̂	*furhtanǫ̂
dative	*furhtini	*furhtōni	*furhtini	*furhtammaz	*furhtōmaz	*furhtammaz
instrumental	*furhtinē	*furhtōnē	*furhtinē	*furhtammiz	*furhtōmiz	*furhtammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *forht
- Old English: forht, froht
- Old Saxon: forht
- Old High German: *forht, *foraht
  - ⇒ Old High German: gotforht, gotforaht
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (faurhts)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furhta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furhta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

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