Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōmô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*gaumô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”) via a -w- extension. Early Germanic -ōw- developed into -ō- only in open syllables, being shortened to -au- in closed syllables, resulting in the oblique form *gaumn-, whence the Old High German variant. Related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɔː.mɔːː/

Noun

*gōmô m

gum, palate

Inflection

Declension of *gōmô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gōmô	*gōmaniz
vocative	*gōmô	*gōmaniz
accusative	*gōmanų	*gōmanunz
genitive	*gōminiz	*gōmanǫ̂
dative	*gōmini	*gōmammaz
instrumental	*gōminē	*gōmammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gōmō
- Old English: gōma
  - Middle English: gome, goome, gomme, gumme
    - English: gum, goom (dialectal)
    - Scots: goom, geem, gum
- Old Saxon: *gōmo
  - Middle Low German: gume
    - Low German: gume
- Old High German: guomo
  - Middle High German: guome, guom
    - Luxembourgish: Gumm
    - Yiddish: גומען (gumen)
Old Norse: gómr, gómi
- Icelandic: gómur
- Faroese: gómur, gómi
- Norwegian: gom, gomme
- Old Swedish: gōme m, gōma f
  - Swedish: gom m, gomme m, goma f
- Old Danish: gomæn (attested in definite form only)
  - Middle Danish: gomæ
    - Danish: gum, gumme
→ Proto-Samic: *kuomē (see there for further descendants)

References

gom in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
“gumme” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1]