Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gailaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, arrogant, tempestuous, violent, wanton”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas (“sharp; angry”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.lɑz/

Adjective

*gailaz

  1. merry, excited, lush, beautiful, lustful

Inflection

Declension of *gailaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gailaz *gailō *gailą, -atō *gailai *gailôz *gailō
accusative *gailanǭ *gailǭ *gailą, -atō *gailanz *gailōz *gailō
genitive *gailas, -is *gailaizōz *gailas, -is *gailaizǫ̂ *gailaizǫ̂ *gailaizǫ̂
dative *gailammai *gailaizōi *gailammai *gailaimaz *gailaimaz *gailaimaz
instrumental *gailanō *gailaizō *gailanō *gailaimiz *gailaimiz *gailaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gailô *gailǭ *gailô *gailaniz *gailōniz *gailōnō
accusative *gailanų *gailōnų *gailô *gailanunz *gailōnunz *gailōnō
genitive *gailiniz *gailōniz *gailiniz *gailanǫ̂ *gailōnǫ̂ *gailanǫ̂
dative *gailini *gailōni *gailini *gailammaz *gailōmaz *gailammaz
instrumental *gailinē *gailōnē *gailinē *gailammiz *gailōmiz *gailammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gail
    • Old English: gāl
      • Middle English: gal, gol
        • English: gole (dialectal)
    • Old Frisian: *gāl, *gēl
      • Saterland Frisian: gail (perhaps borrowed from Low German or German)
      • West Frisian: geil (possibly from Dutch)
    • Old Saxon: gēl
      • Middle Low German: geil
        • German Low German: geil
    • Old Dutch: *gēl, *geil
    • Old High German: geil, keil
  • Old Norse: *geilr, geiligr
    • (Icelandic: gáll m)
    • Swedish: gäl (dialectal)
    • Gutnish: geil
  • Vandalic: *gaila- (early), *gēla- (late)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒailaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
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