Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganhāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. The traditional connection to Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰew- (“to revere, look at”) (whence Proto-Slavic *gově̀ti (“to revere, fast”)), implying a reconstructed Germanic form *gawēną, is contradicted by the nasal vowel in the descendant Elfdalian gą̊, and comparisons to Proto-Germanic *gaumaz (“heed, attention”) are similarly phonetically difficult.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑ̃ː.xɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ganhāną

  1. (North Germanic) to inspect; to take into account

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ganhō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *ganhaisi ? *ganhai *ganhāsai ?
3rd singular *ganhaiþi ? *ganhāþau *ganhāþai ?
1st dual *ganhōs ? — — —
2nd dual *ganhāþiz ? *ganhāþiz — —
1st plural *ganhāmaz ? — *ganhānþai ?
2nd plural *ganhaiþ ? *ganhaiþ *ganhānþai ?
3rd plural *ganhānþi ? *ganhānþau *ganhānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ganhadǭ *ganhadēdį̄
2nd singular *ganhadēz *ganhadēdīz
3rd singular *ganhadē *ganhadēdī
1st dual *ganhadēdū *ganhadēdīw
2nd dual *ganhadēdudiz *ganhadēdīdiz
1st plural *ganhadēdum *ganhadēdīm
2nd plural *ganhadēdud *ganhadēdīd
3rd plural *ganhadēdun *ganhadēdīn
present past
participles *ganhāndz *ganhadaz

Descendants

  • Old Norse: gá

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ganhēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
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