Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawjaną
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *gauijaną
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call, invoke”), related to Proto-Slavic *zъvati (“to call”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”), related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gawjaną[1]
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *gawjō | *gawjaų | — | *gawjai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *gawisi | *gawjais | *gawi | *gawjasai | *gawjaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *gawiþi | *gawjai | *gawjaþau | *gawjaþai | *gawjaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *gawjōs | *gawjaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *gawjaþiz | *gawjaiþiz | *gawjaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *gawjamaz | *gawjaim | — | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *gawiþ | *gawjaiþ | *gawiþ | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *gawjanþi | *gawjain | *gawjanþau | *gawjanþai | *gawjainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *gōw | *gōwį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *gōwt | *gōwīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *gōw | *gōwī | ||||
| 1st dual | *gōwū | *gōwīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *gōwudiz | *gōwīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *gōwum | *gōwīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *gōwud | *gōwīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gōwun | *gōwīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *gawjandz | *gawanaz | ||||
Descendants
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒaujanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 128