Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grappōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰrobʰneh₂-, apparently an iterative to *grabaną (“to dig”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*grappōną
Inflection
The original paradigm contrasted singular *grapp- against non-singular *grab-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *grappō | *grappǭ | — | *grappōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *grappōsi | *grappōs | *grappō | *grappōsai | *grappōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *grappōþi | *grappō | *grappōþau | *grappōþai | *grappōþau | |
| 1st dual | *grappōs | *grappōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *grappōþiz | *grappōþiz | *grappōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *grappōmaz | *grappōm | — | *grappōnþai | *grappōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *grappōþ | *grappōþ | *grappōþ | *grappōnþai | *grappōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *grappōnþi | *grappōn | *grappōnþau | *grappōnþai | *grappōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *grappōdǭ | *grappōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *grappōdēz | *grappōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *grappōdē | *grappōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *grappōdēdū | *grappōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *grappōdēdudiz | *grappōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *grappōdēdum | *grappōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *grappōdēdud | *grappōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *grappōdēdun | *grappōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *grappōndz | *grappōdaz | ||||
Descendants
- English: grab, also cf. grapple
- Middle Low German: grabben
- Middle Dutch: grapen, grabben
- (Dutch: grabbelen)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN